）使用多个周期高压处理（HPP的治疗准备吃（RTE）的肉类和家禽产品
新型食品信息
Health Canada has notified Gridpath Solutions Inc. that it has no objection to the use of Ready To Eat ( RTE ) meats and poultry that have been treated with up to three consecutive cycles of High Pressure Processing ( HPP ) treatment.加拿大卫生部已通知Gridpath解决方案公司，它没有任何异议处理和利用现成的吃（RTE）的肉类家禽有）被处理了（HPP的连续三个周期的高压处理。 The Department conducted a comprehensive assessment of these RTE meat and poultry according to its Guidelines for the Safety Assessment of Novel Foods .该部进行了全面的评估和家禽肉类，这些即食 食品 ，根据其指引到小说的安全评估 。 These Guidelines are based upon internationally accepted principles for establishing the safety of novel foods.这些准则是根据国际公认的原则建立的新型食品的安全。
Background背景
The following provides a summary of the notification from Gridpath Solutions Inc. and the evaluation by Heath Canada and contains no confidential business information.下面提供了从Gridpath解决方案公司的通知和加拿大的Heath评估总结，并包含任何机密的商业信息。
1. 1。 Introduction简介
This Novel Food Information document has been prepared to summerize the opinion regarding the subject product provided by the Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada.这种新颖的食品信息文件已经准备summerize认为就这一课题由食物局产品，保健品和食品部，加拿大卫生部提供。 This opinion is based upon the comprehensive review of information submitted by the petitioner according to the Guidelines for the Safety Assessment of Novel Foods.这个意见是根据所根据的新型食品安全评估指引请愿人提交的资料进行全面审查。
High Pressure Processing ( HPP ) consists of applying a high pressure to a packaged food product via compressed water.高压处理（HPP的 ）由申请一经压缩包装食品的高压水。 Prior to pressurization, packaged Ready To Eat ( RTE ) meat and poultry products are loaded in a tray, which is itself loaded into the pressure vessel.在此之前加压，打包准备吃（RTE）的肉类和家禽产品装在一个托盘，它本身就是装入容器压力。 The vessel is sealed and then pressurized by injecting water into the vessel until a defined pressure specific for the food to be treated is reached.该船是密封，然后注射到血管的压力，直到定义为食品具体的水加压至处理为止。 The packaged RTE products are thus immersed in the pressurized water and subjected to high hydrostatic pressure. 即食产品的包装因此沉浸在压水，受到高静压力。 The proposed process is run in a batch mode for prepackaged foods; other units also exist which can run in a semi-continuous mode, for easily pumped liquid foods (eg juices, purees, sauces, etc.).建议的过程是运行在预先包装食品的批处理模式，其他单位也存在，可以运行在一个半连续模式，可方便地抽出液体食物（例如果汁，果泥，调味料等）。
The length of the HPP treatment determines the efficacy of inactivation of background microflora.治疗长度高压处理决定的微生物的灭活效果的背景。 The high hydrostatic pressure does not affect any of the structural components of the food itself (eg structural proteins, fibres, fats, etc.), nor does it affect the structural integrity of the package used, as the pressure is applied uniformly on the food and on the package.高静水压不影响食物的任何部件本身的结构（如结构蛋白，纤维，脂肪等），也不会影响使用的包结构完整，压力均匀地应用于食品在包装上。
The process is for use as a post-processing, post-packaging intervention step for the control of Listeria monocytogenes in RTE meats and poultry, and in some cases to extend the shelf life of these products.这个过程是家禽作为后处理，后肉类和即食包装干预步骤中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的控制，在某些情况下，延长这些产品的保质期。
For clarity, RTE meats and poultry means meat or poultry products which have already been subjected to a process sufficient to inactivate vegetative pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins and control spores of foodborne pathogenic bacteria so that the meat product does not require further preparation before consumption, except, in certain cases, washing, thawing or exposing to sufficient heat to warm the product without cooking it.为了明确起见， 即食肉类和家禽肉类或家禽除外手段的产品已经受到足够的进程灭活致病微生物的，或者其营养毒素和控制食源性致病细菌孢子，使肉类产品不前的准备工作还需要进一步的消耗，在某些情况下，清洗，解冻或暴露在没有足够的热量来温暖烹饪产品。 It excludes raw meats or meat products requiring further processing before being safely consumed,它不包括生肉，肉类产品安全食用之前，需要进一步处理， 下一个环节将带你到另一个网站 Meat Inspection Regulations, 1990, Section 2 . 肉类检验法规，1990年，第2节 。
The submission provided by Gridpath Solutions Inc. pertains to the acceptability of RTE meats and poultry that have been treated with up to three consecutive cycles of HPP treatment (87000 psi /600 MPa , from 3 min up to 9 min per cycle). HPP的处理解决方案的公司提交的意见书Gridpath涉及肉类的接受程度RTE和家禽的处理已连续三个周期最多（87000 磅 / 600 兆帕 ，从3分钟可达每分钟9周期）。 This petition is an expansion of the previous approval of RTE meats and poultry treated with a single cycle of HPP treatment (87000 psi /600 MPa , for 3 min), Decision Document for the Use of High Hydrostatic Pressure for the Control of L.这份请愿书是扩大治疗前批准的 HPP周期单用即食肉类和家禽处理（87000 磅 / 600 MPa时 ，3分钟）， 高静压力决定文件的使用，为属控制 monocytogenes in Ready To Eat (RTE) Meats and Poultry . 李斯特菌在准备吃（RTE）的肉类和家禽 。
The purpose of this expansion is to make provision for food manufacturers to exercise a deviation procedure in the event of an incomplete HPP treatment cycle.此次扩建的目的是使这一规定的行使食品制造商HPP的治疗周期偏差不完整的程序，该事件的一个。 An incomplete HPP cycle can occur as a result of a mechanical error in the system equipment (eg failure to achieve the desired pressure within the vessel) or a technical error in the system's supervisory program (eg power outage).一个不完整的HPP的周期可能会出现一个）的结果停电机械误差在系统设备（如未能达到所需的压力容器内（例如）一个技术性错误或在系统的监管方案。 Gridpath Solutions Inc. has indicated that approximately 5% of all HPP cycles will result in an incomplete cycle, translating to a maximum of 2-3 incomplete cycles on average in a typical 8 h operational shift. Gridpath解决方案公司已表示，大约5％的HPP的周期会导致不完整的周期，平均转移转化的H业务典型的8至最高2-3不完整周期。 When the cycle is incomplete, and based on the design of the system, the pressure vessel (containing the partially treated product) will remain sealed until an approved systems operator manually restarts the treatment cycle or opens the vessel to remove the product.当周期是不完整的，并在系统，压力容器（含部分处理的产品）的设计将保持密封，直至经批准的系统操作员手动重新启动治疗周期或打开容器中删除该产品。 The commonly established deviation procedure entails restarting the process (ie 87000 psi /600 MPa for 3 min).在共同确定的偏差程序需要重新启动过程（即87000 磅 / 600分钟兆帕 3）。 The impact of this procedure on the food product is that it is subjected to a repeated, complete cycle(s) of high hydrostatic pressure exposure.这种对食品生产过程的影响是，它是遭受了多次，完整周期的高静水压曝光（s）。
The assessment conducted by the Food Directorate considered the physical properties (eg pH, water activity, etc.) of the treated RTE meat or poultry product, the impact of multiple-cycle HPP treatment on the nutritional composition and chemical safety of RTE meat and poultry products, and the impact of extending the treatment duration of a single HPP cycle from 3 min up to 9 min.粮食局的评估进行审议家禽产品的物理性质，影响多个周期（如pH，水分活度等），或经处理的肉类高压杀菌处理对即食的营养成分和化学安全和家禽肉类即食产品，影响最小的 HPP至9周期从3分钟延长治疗时间最多的一个。 Gridpath Solutions Inc. has provided data which demonstrates that RTE meat and poultry products subjected to three consecutive cycles of HPP treatment (87000 psi /600 MPa , from 3 min up to 9 min per cycle) are as safe as the equivalent products subjected to a single cycle of HPP treatment (87000 psi /600 MPa , for 3 min), the standard cycle presently used by the meat industry. Gridpath解决方案公司提供的数据，表明即食肉类和禽类产品受到高压杀菌处理，连续三个周期的（MPa时 ，从3分钟高达87000 磅 / 600至9周期每分钟），可作为安全的产品受到的等效单周期HPP 的治疗（87000 磅 / 600 兆帕分钟，3），标准周期目前所使用的肉类行业。
The Food Program has a legislated responsibility for pre-market assessment of novel foods and novel food ingredients as detailed in the Food and Drug Regulations (Part B, Division 28). HPP -treated meats and poultry are considered novel foods, as per B.28.001, as they have been manufactured by a process that has not previously to those foods, and causes the foods to undergo a major change, the major change being, in respect to these foods, a change that places the food outside the accepted limits of natural variations for that food, with regard to microbiological safety.粮食计划署已在28）法定责任预新型食品和新型食品配料市场的评估，详细的食品和药品法规 （B部分司。 高压杀菌处理过的肉类和家禽被视为新食品，按照二28.001，因为他们已经制造了一个过程，以前没有对这些食品，并导致食品经过重大改变，对于这些食品的主要变化是，这种变化的接受范围以外的地方的食物自然变化对粮食，对于微生物的安全。
2. 2。 Development of the novel food开发的新食品
Gridpath Solutions Inc. has provided information describing the methods and parameters used to compare the potential effects on RTE meat and poultry products treated by a single cycle or multiple consecutive cycles of HPP . Gridpath解决方案公司提供的资料描述的方法和 HPP参数用于连续循环的潜在影响的比较或多个周期的即食肉类和家禽由单一的产品对待。
Data were provided for samples of RTE meat and poultry products with higher (>0.9) water activity (ie sliced cooked chicken) and lower (<0.9) water activity (ie sliced dry prosciutto ham).数据的活动提供了即食肉类样本）水和家禽产品具有较高的（“0.9（即熟鸡肉切片）和较低的”（<0.9）水活性（即干火腿切片火腿）。 Samples were treated to both a single cycle of HPP treatment (87000 psi /600 MPa , with 2, 3, or 9 min per cycle) and three consecutive cycles of HPP treatment (87000 psi /600 MPa , with 2, 3, or 9 min per cycle).样品是经过高压处理的治疗既是一个单周期（87000 磅 / 600 兆帕 ，2，3或9分钟每循环）和三个连续，周期HPP 的治疗（87000 磅 / 600 兆帕 ，2，3或9每个周期分）。 All treatment conditions were tested in triplicate for each RTE meat and poultry product.所有的处理条件进行了测试，一式三份每个即食肉类和家禽产品。
Samples were treated to high hydrostatic pressure using a batch method.样品处理，以高静水压使用批处理的方法。 Prior to pressurization, the vacuum-packed samples were loaded unto a tray, which itself was loaded into the pressure vessel.在此之前加压，真空包装的样品装入托盘那里，这本身就进了压力容器装载。 The vessel was sealed and then pressurized by injecting water into the vessel until the defined pressure (ie 87000 psi /600 MPa ) was reached.该船密封，然后加压注入杯中的水，直到把压力定义（即87000 磅 / 600 兆帕 ）的共识。 Treatment pressure was maintained for 2, 3, or 9 minutes per cycle respectively, followed by depressurization and release of the samples.治疗压力维持2，3或9分钟，每个周期分别由降压和随后公布的样本。 All samples were packaged in flexible films approved for HPP treatment.所有样品被包装在高压杀菌处理灵活薄膜批准。 The HPP -treated RTE meat and poultry products still required refrigeration. 认可区内处理即食肉类和家禽产品仍需要制冷。
3. 3。 Dietary Exposure从食物摄取
It is expected that RTE meat and poultry products treated with multiple cycles of HPP will be consumed comparatively to their non-treated counterparts. RTE meat and poultry products treated with multiple cycles of HPP can be expected to partially replace non-treated RTE meat and poultry products.预计即食肉类和家禽产品高压杀菌处理的周期与多个将被消耗相对其非治疗的同行。 即食肉类和家禽的 HPP周期多产品处理可望取代部分非治疗即食肉类和家禽产品。
4. 4。 Chemistry化学
The impact of the HPP treatment on the packaging materials used to package RTE meats and poultry has been performed independently of the novel food submission by the Food Packaging Materials & Incidental Additives Section of the Chemical Health Hazard Assessment Division, as per Division 23, Part B of the Food and Drug Regulations .家禽影响的HPP的处理即食肉类及包装材料，用于包装，目前已进行独立的危害评估司提交的新型食品包装材料和食品添加剂附带化学组的健康，每格23日，B部分美国食品和药品法规 。
It should be noted that the packaging material authorization process is independent from the novel food authorization process.应当指出，包装材料的授权过程是由独立的新型食品授权过程。 The packaging material companies direct any requests concerning the acceptability of packaging materials for HPP treatment to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency ( CFIA ) to obtain proper clearance. CFIA will contact the Food Packaging Materials & Incidental Additives Section, as necessary, to obtain an opinion on the safety of the packaging material used with a novel process.包装材料公司直接有关的任何要求接受治疗的高压处理的包装材料向加拿大食品检验局（CFIA），以获得正确的间隙。 加拿大食品检验署将联系食品包装材料及附带添加剂组，在必要时，获得一见对包装材料的安全使用一种新的进程。
5. 5。 Microbiology微生物
In the original Novel Food submission regarding the use of HPP for the control of L.在原来提交关于新食品的 HPP 属使用的控制 monocytogenes in RTE meats and poultry, Decision Document for the Use of High Hydrostatic Pressure for the Control of L. 李斯特菌在即食肉类和家禽， 决定文件的属采用高静压的控制 monocytogenes in Ready To Eat (RTE) Meats and Poultry , Health Canada reviewed the data provided regarding the microbiological safety of these HPP -treated products. 和单核细胞增生就绪吃（即食）肉类家禽 ，加拿大卫生部审查所提供的数据处理有关这些产品的微生物安全性高压处理 ，。 Based on this information, Health Canada has no objection to the use of RTE meats and poultry which have been subjected to a single cycle of HPP treatment (87000 psi /600 MPa , for 3 min).信息基于此，加拿大卫生部已没有）反对分钟的使用即食肉类和家禽已受到周期为一个高压杀菌处理（87000 磅 / 600 兆帕 ，3。
Considering that the conditions of a single cycle of HPP treatment (87000 psi /600 MPa , for 3 min) are sufficient to ensure the microbiological safety of treated RTE meats and poultry, it is understood that the microbiological safety of a RTE meat or poultry product treated with additional consecutive cycles is expected to be equivalent or even enhanced by such treatment.考虑到分）的条件周期单一高压杀菌处理（87000 磅 / 600 兆帕斯卡 ，3足以确保微生物安全和家禽肉类的处理即食 ，据了解，家禽产品的微生物安全的即食肉类或额外的连续循环处理预计将相当于或什至这种待遇提高。 From a microbiological standpoint, the Bureau of Microbial Hazards has no objection to the use of RTE meats and poultry which have been subjected to up to three consecutive cycles of HPP treatment (87000 psi /600 MPa , from 3 min up to 9 min per cycle).从微生物角度来看，微生物的危害局并没有按照循环反对使用即食肉类和家禽已受到向上/ 600连续三个周期HPP 的治疗（87000 磅兆帕 ，从3分钟至9分钟注册）。
6. 6。 Nutrition营养
The petitioner provided data pertaining to the impact of a multiple-cycle HPP treatment on the nutritional composition of RTE meats and poultry.申诉人提供的数据有关家禽影响多周期高压杀菌处理对肉类和即食的营养成分。 The study design included the measurement of vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), protein, moisture, calcium, iron, vitamin A, retinol, and beta-carotene, for samples of both sliced cooked chicken and sliced dry prosciutto ham subjected to either a single or three consecutive cycles of HPP treatment.研究设计包括维生素B1的测量（硫胺素），维生素B2（核黄素），维生素B3（烟碱酸），蛋白质，水分，钙，铁，维生素A，维生素A和β-胡萝卜素，为双方鸡肉切片样本火腿切片干燥和受单一或连续三年HPP的治疗周期中。
Samples subjected to three consecutive cycles of HPP treatment (87000 psi /600 MPa , from 3 min up to 9 min per cycle) were nutritionally comparable to those treated with a single cycle (87000 psi /600 MPa , 3 min per cycle).样品受到最多循环），每到9分/ 600 MPa时 ，连续三次周期从3 HPP 的治疗磅 （87000分的营养媲美）周期的治疗一个周期（87000 磅 / 600 兆帕分钟，3元。
Based on the assessment of the data provided in the submission and the probable risks associated with HPP , the Bureau of Nutritional Sciences has no objection to the use of RTE meats and poultry which have been subjected to up to three consecutive cycles of HPP treatment (87000 psi /600 MPa , from 3 min up to 9 min per cycle). HPP的基础上提供的数据与评估，并提交了相关的可能风险，营养科学局的异议没有87000（使用的即食肉类和家禽已受到最多连续三个周期HPP 的治疗磅 / 600 兆帕 ，从3分钟可达每分钟9周期）。
7. 7。 Toxicology毒理学
With respect to the possible generation of toxic compounds from the components of RTE meat and poultry products, the potential for repeated exposure to HPP treatment to cause the breakdown of protein and increase the concentration of nitrites and nitrates than already present in the food was investigated.关于肉类和家禽产品可能产生的有毒化合物的即食从组件，治疗潜在的反复暴露于高压处理引起蛋白质分解和亚硝酸盐浓度增加和硝酸盐比目前已在食品进行了调查。 An increase in the level of nitrites and nitrates would be a concern as nitrites can react with amines in foods to form nitrosamines which are genotoxic carcinogens, and nitrates can be converted to nitrites.在亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的水平的提高将是一个关注，因为食物中的亚硝酸盐可与胺反应生成亚硝胺是遗传毒性致癌物质，硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐可转换为。
No significant increase in the level of nitrites and nitrates was observed for RTE meat and poultry products exposed to three consecutive cycles of HPP treatment (87000 psi /600 MPa , from 3 min up to 9 min per cycle) compared to those treated with a single cycle (87000 psi /600 MPa , for 3 min).无亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐明显增加，在观察水平为 RTE肉类和周期）家禽每分钟3分钟到9个产品连续循环HPP 的治疗（暴露在三87000 磅 / 600 兆帕一个由比较单一的治疗周期（87000 磅 / 600 兆帕分钟，3）。 These results support the conclusion that the multiple-cycle HPP treatment of RTE meat and poultry products does not increase the potential generation of toxic compounds.这些结果支持这样的结论： 即食肉类和家禽产品的多个周期HPP的治疗不会增加潜在的有毒化合物生成。
On this basis, the Bureau of Chemical Safety has no objection to the use of RTE meats and poultry which have been subjected to up to three consecutive cycles of HPP treatment (87000 psi /600 MPa , from 3 min up to 9 min per cycle).在此基础上，对化学安全局没有）反对周期的使用即食肉类和家禽的有，从3分钟每分钟高达9已连续三个周期的治疗受到的 HPP最多（600 磅 87000 / 兆帕 。
8. 8。 Labelling标签
Exposure to three consecutive cycles of HPP treatment (87000 psi /600 MPa , from 3 min up to 9 min per cycle) does not cause a significant compositional change in the food, nor has there been any safety concerns raised regarding the use of this process for RTE meats and poultry.接触到每9分钟周期）到HPP 的治疗（87000 磅连续三个周期/ 600 兆帕 3，从分不会导致食物中的重大结构的改变，也没有发生过任何安全上的使用过程中提出的关于本为 RTE肉类和家禽。 On this basis, mandatory labelling requirements are not necessary in this case.在此基础上，强制性标签要求，在这种情况下没有必要的。
Conclusion结论
Health Canada's review of the information presented in support of the food use of RTE meats and poultry which have been treated with up to three consecutive cycles of HPP treatment (87000 psi /600 MPa , from 3 min up to 9 min per cycle), concluded that this use does not raise concerns related to food safety.加拿大卫生部的资料审查）颁发周期支持即食肉类食品使用和家禽的有，从3分钟到9分钟，每已连续三个周期HPP 的治疗治疗达（87000 600 磅/ MPA的，得出的结论这种使用不提出有关食品安全的关注。 Health Canada is of the opinion that those treated RTE meats and poultry are as safe as other RTE counterparts on the market.加拿大卫生部认为，这些处理即食肉类和家禽的市场安全同行在与其他即食 。
This opinion is solely with respect to the suitability for sale of these RTE meats and poultry.这种观点完全是相对于家禽适宜性和销售这些即食肉类。 It is the continuing responsibility of the food manufacturer to ensure that their products are in compliance with all applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.它是食品生产商继续有责任确保其产品符合所有适用的法律和法规规定。 Any new information obtained in relation to these products which have potential health and safety implications should be forwarded to Health Canada for our consideration in order to ensure the continued safety and integrity of all foods available in the Canadian marketplace.任何新的信息获取有关这些产品有潜在的健康和安全问题应提交给我们考虑到加拿大卫生部，以确保持续安全和所有食品在加拿大市场上提供的完整性。 The sale of food which poses a hazard to the health of consumers would contravene the provisions of the Food and Drugs Act.售卖的食物构成了危害消费者的健康会违反美国食品和药品法的规定。
This Novel Food Information document has been prepared to summarize the opinion regarding the subject product provided by the Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada.这种新颖的食品信息文件的编写，总结意见就这一课题由食物局产品，保健品和食品部，加拿大卫生部提供。 This opinion is based upon the comprehensive review of information submitted by the petitioner according to the Guidelines for the Safety Assessment of Novel Foods .这种观点是基于全面的新型食品安全信息评估审查提交由申诉人根据该指引 。
For further information, please contact:如需进一步信息，请联系：
Novel Foods Section新食品节
Food Directorate粮食局
Health Products and Food Branch健康产品和食品司
Health Canada, PL2204E加拿大卫生部，PL2204E
251 Frederick Banting Driveway弗雷德里克班廷德莱夫韦251
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9渥太华，安大略省K1A 0K9
Telephone: (613) 957-1742电话：（613）957-1742
Facsimile: (613) 952-6400传真：（613）952-6400 |
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发表于 2011-2-19 11:21
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楼主
谢谢楼主，我一定要仔细看一遍。