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从《伤寒质难》看祝味菊对叶派的批判(柴中元) 

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发表于 2007-1-25 10:46 | 显示全部楼层

从《伤寒质难》看祝味菊对叶派的批判(柴中元) 

<><HR width="100%" color=#808080 noShade SIZE=2><></P><><B>作者: </B>三七生 &nbsp; &nbsp; <B>时间: </B>2006/1/27 13:21&nbsp; &nbsp; <B>标题: </B>祝味菊对伤寒六经的研究贡献<BR><BR>——<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 祝氏据其平生研究所获,创立“以五段代六经”之说。认为:一切外感性热病,无论其为六淫之袭.菌毒之激,人体未有不起抵抗者,抵抗之趋势,即证侯之表现。所谓伤寒六经病证,总不出五种阶段。即开始抵抗(太阳),抵抗不济(少阳),抵抗大过(阳明),抵抗不足(太阴,少阴),最后抵抗(厥阴)。五段者,抗力消长之符号也。祝氏“五段”之说.以变革的精神脱出泥古不化的传统禁锢。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 祝味菊(1884一?951)近代著名医家。早年攻读医经,披阅不倦,必求其所以然。后就读军医校二年,又东渡扶桑。融会中西,博学广识,对中医理论多有发挥。其医学见解与世医颇不同。其治以擅用温热扶阳挽救危重蜚声医林。倡议中西医合作,并身体力行,早在1937年与德国医生兰纳博士等合组中西医会诊所,为当时国内绝无仅有之创举。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 祝氏在1944年所撰《伤寒质难》(以下引文同)中指出:伤寒六经病证,前贤因主观认识不同,见仁见智,各异其趣,历有经络、脏腑、气血、病位诸说,各有所据及所偏。其注释者,则多循汉唐“注不破经”陈例,随文敷饰,总不脱六经本身藩篱。甚者“翻腾空论”(陆渊雷语),纠缠于无谓之争。太炎先生乃<BR>有“逐条强解,成书累卷”(《医论集》)而死于句下之叹!祝氏对此则批评更激:“千古滔滔,立说者各是其道,出主入奴,非吾所谓道也”。(《发凡篇》)强调伤寒六经的科学内涵与临证实用价值,提示后人对其继续研探,应有所发展、创新,方不负时代要求与仲景心旨。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 祝氏认为:疾病不能脱离人体而独立。病原繁多,随时代而变异;本体惟一,人体自然疗能虽百年而不易。故既病“则病变之逆顾,预后之吉凶,人体抗力亦实左右之”;是则“体质之论,实为中医精神所寄”。所谓伤寒六经病证,仅为利用以代表人体各个抗邪程序之代名词。但病变万端,六经所固定的证候并不能包含一切抗邪情形,遂不囿于前人之说,融纳新知,续予发挥,据其平生研究经验所获,创立“以五段代六经”,自成一家之说,“虽叛古逆今,勿顾也”。他谓一切外感性热病,无论其为六淫之袭,菌毒之激,人体未有不起抵抗者,抵抗之趋势,即证候之表现,总不出五种阶段;所谓伤寒六经病匠,亦不出此五种范围:即开始抵抗(太阳),抵抗不济(少阳),抵抗太过(阳明),抵抗不足(太阴、少阴)及最后之抵抗(厥阴)。要之,人体抗邪反应“不外体力之盛衰,抗力之消长”;五段者,抗力消长之符号也。祝氏“五段”之说,以变革的精神脱出泥古不化的传统禁锢,为进一步探索伤寒六经的真谛拓展思路,对临床治疗迄今仍具启迪、指导意义。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 1.太阳伤寒,为人体对于邪毒开始合度之抵抗。囤其先驱症状多见于表,故前人称太阳为表病。祝氏曰:太阳为六经证候之首,对其研究透彻,治外感之大要可思过半矣,故阐释不厌其详。表病之主症为畏寒发热,发热之原因系邪正相搏,体温调节中枢受激;或为六淫外激致放温障碍,或为菌毒内激致生温亢进。发热之动机,对六淫之邪,欲酿汗而解表;对菌毒之邪,欲令产生抗体,以消内在之菌毒。诊视之要:外观表机之开合,内察正气之盛衰。释曰:“开之太过,名曰表亢;合之太甚,名曰表闭。气之太过曰亢,有余曰盛,不足曰怯,怯甚曰衰,不盛不怯曰和”。其治开表以辛,和表以甘,制亢以凉,扶怯以温。故放温障碍,发热无汗:表闭甚而里气不亢者,法主辛温,麻黄汤;气怯而甚者加附子,即麻附细辛汤;表闭而里气盛者,法主辛凉,银翘散;气亢而甚者加石膏,即大青龙汤;表闭而里气和者,辛平宣散,葱豉荆防之属是也。放温激进,发热自汗;表亢而里气怯者,法主甘温;桂枝汤;表亢而里亦亢者,法主甘寒,白虎汤;表亢而里气盛者,法主甘凉,芦豉之类是也;表亢而里气和者,法主甘平,桑菊之类是也。要之,太阳伤寒首重解表,解表者,解除人体因抗邪诱起之反应,调正其本身营卫之不和。据此,祝氏评曰;前人以寒热顼楚,谓邪客于表,汗以散之,一若体表有实物可解,此皆抽象之词;“表何尝有邪,又何尝有风可祛,有寒可逐,有热可清乎!”从而否定千百年来指六淫之邪为实有其物之沿误。现代研究认为所谓“病位在表”,只是理论上的一种抽象,其本质是机体对病邪诱袭所产生的一种全身性反应。这与祝氏上述涵义类同,即此亦可见其卓识深远之一斑。祝氏并释解表主用汗法之机理曰:“汗法可以调节亢温,可诱导血行向表,协助自然疗能,一举而数善备矣。”于简括中寓灼见。但指出:倘汗而不解,则为汗之不得其道也”;其或为“肠有宿垢,或菌毒内踞,或身体之一部遭遇炎性之刺激,或代酣之废物引起自身之中毒”,要之,必有内激之因也。其治:“诱因但治其反应,主因必去其病原”,若无祛除病原之特效专药,则时时扶持其抗力,维护其自然疗能,亦可令正胜而邪却,祝氏并进一步提出“治疗外感疾病,不必待病至深入而后方行之”,而应“观察邪行之趋势,以施早期疗法”的设想。当代名医姜春华氏所创”截断扭转”理论,或即循此思维的具体发挥。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 2.少阳伤寒,为人体对于邪毒抵抗持续不济,未能协调也,但正气有可胜之潜力。其成因为内有障碍,脏腑功能不能自由发挥。如晌有积饮则汗出不达;肠有积滞则府气不宣。水饮成于三焦之不利,积滞因于脾胃之不适。但此处之积滞,为传化失职,仅令妨碍抗能,未见抵抗太过之象,与阳明腑证有别;故虽曰府实,亦当归于少阳,“此仲景柴胡汤所以有硝黄之加也”。其治:去其障,则正伸而邪达,法用和解;和者协和其正气,解者解除其障碍。喻谓“譬如行旅,征马踟蹰,非马不前也;荆棘瓦砾障于途也;去其障,则昂然奔逸而莫能自制矣”,可称形象。如湿重而脾运受困者,茅术半夏宣发中阳,助麻桂以收和解达表之功;大便溏薄,则气怯无汗,麻桂柴葛之外,重与木附益果之属以固之,溺频而多,则液阻无汗,麻桂柴葛之外,兼与故纸覆菟之类以摄之;胯胱满而不能下者,法当渗利,五苓散主之等。障碍当视其性质之不同各予专药,如柴胡有宣畅气血、散结调经之效,故为少阳和解去障之专药。要之,正气未能协调者,则善为诱导。诱导者,损有余,补不足,以求机体动态平衡。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 3.阳明伤寒,为人体对于邪毒之反应失之过激也。其成因:体实气盛之人,抵抗太过一也;非寒而温,未虚而补,应汗失表,宜攻失下二也。历来医家都称阳阴证有入经、入腑之别,主用清下二法。祝氏则曰:“入经入腑”乃从药效反溯而名之,皆为想象之词;以高热而用清,以排滞而用下,亦似是而非之说。阳明证为伤寒至于极期,正邪双方各为其生存而作殊死之战,抗力岂皆有余哉!清而下之,抑低其抗力,愈虚其虚矣。故阳明虽有可清可下之证,而无必清必下之理。体壮气盛之人,抵抗太过,兴奋太甚,方可制亢以凉,一清而愈,白虎汤为正治。腑实之候,非必承气之证,其有宿滞陈积在上则宜消,在下则宜导;府实而体虚,宜用温通;府实而气盛,必具见仲景可下之证,方可假手于一下而愈”。下滞之药,为去病之用;温凉之性,为疗人之方,不可治病而忘人!”<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 或谓邪重而发之暴者,每能直接造成阳明证候,必须用寒凉清下之法。祝氏辩曰:邪无论轻重,必待机体之反应而后症状方显,故疾病为病原与人体合成之产物。人之受邪,邪体虽同,后果各异。以疟疾为例,定期剧寒高热,烦渴引饮为当然病型;然发热后或体力自如,或困顿不堪,或发而自休,或发而不已,其转归亦因人而异。其治,如疟发而虚,即不得用清,仍当用温。俗言疟为。睥寒”,截疟七宝饮即是温药。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 4.太阴、少阴伤寒,同为人体对于邪毒抵抗不足。它与少阳伤寒的区别:“大凡具有抗力而未能发挥者,谓之少阳;无力反应则谓太阴,少阴。故少阳不足在标,太阴、少阴不足在本”。其成因:先天不足,后天失调;或困于痼疾,或伤于新病,其素秉虚弱则一也。久服寒凉,滥于攻下,发汗过多,伤于药物,致阳气日困,心用日衰二也。如“太阴之为病.腹满而吐,食不下,自利益甚,时腹自痛”,此言胃肠消化功能不足,“少阴之为病,脉微细,但欲寐也。此言心脏功能之不足。形质指阴,功能指阳,故太阴、少阴伤寒,咎在阳气抗力之不足。不足曰怯,怯者温之,温药有扶阳助正、强壮之意。故其治。不足在表,温以卫之;不足在里,温以和之;形不足者,温之以气;精不足者,温之以味。仲景之理中、吴萸、四逆,真武等,何莫非温阳之方。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 或谓正虚为病可用温,菌毒炎症为病则不可温。祝氏力斥其非:狭义之伤寒,病菌所致,其治可用温否,方书有载。急性肺炎,其体力不足者,麻膏疗病,枣附强心,此千金越婢汤也,可用温否?痢下赤白,细菌原虫之为患也,实痢用清,虚痢用温,为治痢之要则,温药治疟,已见前述。以寒凉之药治菌毒炎症,用之于体虚之人,无异抑正纵邪,反碍其自然疗能。要之,无论六淫、菌毒,其为病而正属虚者,总不离乎温法,此祝氏之心旨。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 5.厥阴伤寒,最后之抵抗也。厥者极也。病危而人体抗力不能作最后之凋正,则惟死而已:如阳亢不降,热厥不回,则燔灼而死;阴极不回,寒厥不止,则销沉而亡。热厥而身热渐退,为正胜邪衰,其厥自止;寒厥而手足转温,为正胜阳复,为疾病转归之佳兆。寒厥治以回阳救逆,四逆汤或通脉四逆汤,见虚脱之状用四逆加人参汤。热厥治以清法或下法,直折其亢,白虎汤或承气汤类。所谓得凉则安,承乃制也;失凉则危,亢则害也。现代中西医结合抢救感染性休克,即常运用治疗热厥的清、下二法,确有一定效用。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 病邪既退,得养则昌:“真阴虚者,滋以养之;心阳衰者,温以养之;神惫者,养之以酣寐;心劳者,养之以恬淡。毋滞其阴,毋扰其阳,醒脾开胃,以纳谷浆,此外感热病善后之法也。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 祝氏总结曰:外感性热病,阳气为抗邪之先锋。“阳衰一分,病进一分;正旺一分,则邪却一分,”因此主张未病重阴,既病重阳,喻为“承平之时,修文为主;荒乱之世,崇武为尚”。故称善理阳气,则“五段”疗法得其要矣。“太阳伤寒,重在和阳;少阳有碍,重在通阳;阳明太过,重在抑阳;太阴、少阴不足,重在扶阳;厥阴逆转,重在潜阳”。这对当前治外感热病恣用寒凉的偏见,不失为一有益的启示。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 综上所述,祝氏“五段”之说,其立论注重体质内因,强调因人而异,抑亢扶怯,使之符合机体自然疗能,提高其自身免疫能力,其治则首重阳气抗邪作用。当今医学对中医与体质免疫学说的研究方兴未艾,重温祝氏对伤寒六经别具匠心的见解,对这一课题的进一步探索或具一隅裨益。 </P><P><HR width="100%" color=#808080 noShade SIZE=2><P></P><P><B>作者: </B>三七生 &nbsp; &nbsp; <B>时间: </B>2006/1/27 13:22&nbsp; &nbsp; <B>标题: </B>祝味菊先生医案<BR><BR>祝味菊先生;为四川名医也。学说精通,擅长内科调理。历<BR>任中国医学院实习导师,现任新中国医学院研究院院长。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 范小君&nbsp;&nbsp;初诊:中气虚寒,卫气不达,表邪留恋,肌热起<BR>伏,咳呛苔白,溲涩长,脉虚数,当与温中达表。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 黄厚附五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;活磁石一两五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈皮二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生龙齿一两&nbsp;&nbsp;酸枣仁<BR>六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炙细辛四分&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝一钱五分&nbsp;&nbsp;水炙麻黄二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜一钱五分<BR>仙半夏四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生白术四钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 二诊:表气较和,咳呛略爽,脉仍虚数,再与前法损益。&nbsp; &nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 生龙齿一两&nbsp;&nbsp;活磁石一两五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;黄厚附五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;酸枣仁五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯<BR>神四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;蜜炙麻黄一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;白杏仁三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生白术二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炙<BR>细辛五分&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜一钱五分&nbsp;&nbsp;陈枳壳一钱五分<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 三诊:咳呛减,表当未知,营气不足,脉息虚数,再与温中<BR>达表。&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 生龙齿一两&nbsp;&nbsp;活磁石三两&nbsp;&nbsp;黄厚附五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;酸枣仁四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神<BR>四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;白杏仁三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;北柴胡一钱五分&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;白芥<BR>子二馈&nbsp;&nbsp;陈皮二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生姜三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;蜜炙麻黄一钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 四诊:脉息虚略缓,肌热渐乎,再与前法损益。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 生龙齿一两&nbsp;&nbsp;活磁石一两&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;酸枣仁六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏<BR>四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;蜜炙麻黄几分&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝一钱五分&nbsp;&nbsp;白杏仁三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;白芥子二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;黄<BR>厚附五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈枳壳二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈皮三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生姜三分<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 五诊:表气和,肌热平,正虚中湿,脉息虚缓,再与温调。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 生龙齿一两&nbsp;&nbsp;活磁石一两&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;酸枣仁六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒茅术<BR>四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;白芥子二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝一钱五分&nbsp;&nbsp;生白芍三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生姜<BR>三忮&nbsp;&nbsp;炙百部:二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;黄厚附五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈皮二钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 六诊:白芍加重一钱,因有汗之故。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 七诊:生姜改为干姜。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 八诊:脉息转缓,咳呛未已,再与温中开肺。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 黄厚附五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒白术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;酸枣仁六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;蜜炙麻黄<BR>八分&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炙细辛一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;北五味八分&nbsp;&nbsp;生谷芽四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炙苏子<BR>二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈皮二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;活磁石一两<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 九诊:去麻黄二分,加生首乌、生谷芽各四钱。<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 陶小君&nbsp;&nbsp;初诊:风邪外感。食物中阻,头痛发热粤苔腻作<BR>呕,脉息浮缓,当与和中达表。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 川桂枝二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;蔓荆子三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川羌活二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒茅术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;姜半夏<BR>五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒六曲三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒枳壳三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;厚附片四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;活磁石一两&nbsp;&nbsp;藿梗三钱<BR>生姜四钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 二诊:表气和,肠胃不清,脘闷便闭,脉息虚缓,再与和荣<BR>调中。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 川桂枝二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生白芍三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;白杏仁四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;姜半夏五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;制川朴<BR>一钱五分&nbsp;&nbsp;炒六曲三钱&nbsp; &nbsp; 炒谷芽五钱&nbsp; &nbsp; 活磁石一两五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;厚附片四钱<BR>生姜三钱&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;三诊:表里俱和,消化不食,脉息细缓,再与建中法。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 黄厚附四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒茅术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生姜三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生白芍四钱<BR>姜半夏五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒六曲二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;活磁石一两&nbsp; &nbsp;川桂枝二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;酸枣仁四钱<BR>炙鸡金三钱&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 四诊:胃纳醒,中气虚寒,脉息细缓,再与扶阳培中。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 黄厚附四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生白芍四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;活磁石一两 生西芪<BR>二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒茅术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;酸枣仁四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生姜三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;姜半夏四钱<BR>西砂仁三钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 盛小姐&nbsp;&nbsp;初诊:阳虚中寒,脾湿下陷,带下,脉息濡细,当<BR>与温中理脾。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 黄厚附三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;大腹皮三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;带皮苓五钱生白术三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;大黄炭四钱<BR>葫芦巴二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;白鸡冠炭三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;漂苍术二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炮姜炭二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;桑寄生四钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 二诊:带下瘥步腹泻,脉细迟,再与温中理脾。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 黄厚附四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;破故纸四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;大黄炭二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生白术五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炮姜二钱<BR>生谷芽四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝一钱五分&nbsp;&nbsp;西砂仁二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;带皮苓五钱&nbsp; &nbsp;益智仁三钱<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 邹先生&nbsp;&nbsp;初诊:下虚中寒,腹如寒侵,痛下不爽,欲作滞<BR>象,脉细濡,当与温通。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 制川乌五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡千姜三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川羌活二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;漂苍术五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生军二钱<BR>大腹皮四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;广木香一钱五分<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 二诊:痛下瘥,脉息细迟,再予前法损益。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 制川乌五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;大腹皮一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;漂苍术五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生谷芽<BR>五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈艾绒一钱五分&nbsp;&nbsp;酒军一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;广木香一钱五分&nbsp;&nbsp;仙<BR>半夏四钱<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 谢先生&nbsp;&nbsp;初诊:淋病后,尿道压小,肾虚失化,会阴胀痛,<BR>脉息细紧,当与温化为治。&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 金铃子三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;制川乌四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙灵脾四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;黑大豆一两&nbsp;&nbsp;藿梗三钱<BR>葫芦巴四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒橘核五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;煨姜三钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 二诊:昨服前方后痛胀减,脉息转缓,再与前方增损。&nbsp; &nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 金铃子三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;制川乌五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒车前子三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒橘<BR>核二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;盐水炒小茴香三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;煨姜二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;黑大豆一两&nbsp;&nbsp;仙灵脾四钱<BR>藿梗三钱<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 王宝宝&nbsp;&nbsp;初诊:滞下已近旬日,肌热未清,腹痛后重,苔白<BR>腻,脉虚细,当与温中和表r<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 川羌活一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;制川乌二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;漂苍术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;莱菔子<BR>二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;大腹皮三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;酒军一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;白杏仁二钱&nbsp; &nbsp; 川桂枝二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;广木香<BR>二钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 二诊:脉仍虚细,中阳伤而未复,口干欲热,腹痛后重,再<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 黄厚附三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;广木香三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏五钱&nbsp; &nbsp;漂苍术二钱<BR>粉葛根一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;淡吴萸二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;护肠血炭五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈皮二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生谷芽五钱<BR>大腹皮三钱&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 三诊:滞下腹痛稍瘥,脉息虚细,气阳两衰,再与温中理<BR>脾。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 黄厚附三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;大腹皮四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒党参三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡苁蓉<BR>二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏四钱带皮苓五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;漂苍术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;巴戟天四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝<BR>二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生谷芽五钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 四诊:腹痛瘥,下痢爽,脉息虚缓,再与扶阳理脾。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 炒潞党参二钱.淡苁蓉二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;西砂仁二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;黄厚附五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;巴戟<BR>天三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生谷芽四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;漂苍术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;破故纸三钱大腹<BR>皮三钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 五诊:眠食俱安,腹泻未已,脉息虚细,再与前法损益。 <BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 炒潞党参二锅&nbsp;&nbsp;破故纸四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;大腹皮三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;香谷芽四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;黄厚<BR>附五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;西砂仁二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;肉桂八分&nbsp;&nbsp;炒白术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏<BR>三钱&nbsp; &nbsp; 巴戟天四钱<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 王太太&nbsp;&nbsp;初诊:寒邪外感,腹痛下痢,不爽,脉息濡细,与<BR>温导。&nbsp; &nbsp; <BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 制川乌五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈薤白三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;漂苍术五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;广木香<BR>一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;带皮槟榔三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川羌活一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;酒军一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;姜<BR>半夏五钱<BR>;&nbsp;&nbsp;二诊:表解热平,滞下稍瘥,脉仍襦细,再与温中行滞。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 制川乌五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜四钱玉桔梗三钱&nbsp; &nbsp;漂苍术五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;酒军一钱&nbsp; &nbsp;<BR>姜半夏五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;广木香一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝二钱&nbsp; &nbsp; 陈薤白三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;制川朴一钱半<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 三诊:滞下瘥,中满泛恶,月事淋漓,脉息虚细,再与温调<BR>脾肾。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 制川乌五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;漂苍术五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;活磁石一两五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;巴戟<BR>天六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;大腹皮四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生谷芽五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川杜仲五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;姜半<BR>夏八钱&nbsp;&nbsp;广木香四钱<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 谭小姐&nbsp;&nbsp;初诊:中寒脾弱,三焦失化,胃痞,面浮,溲短,脉细迟,当温中。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 黄厚附四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙灵脾五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;西砂壳二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;上安桂八分&nbsp;&nbsp;炒白术五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;带皮砂仁三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;黄郁金二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;带皮苓五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;藿梗三钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 二诊:与温中理脾,溲增,胸痞纳少,脾运未复,仍与前法损益。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 黄厚附五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生牡蛎一两&nbsp;&nbsp;生白芍四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;大腹皮四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;姜半夏四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;带皮苓五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;上安桂一钱<BR>藿梗二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;西砂壳二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒白术五钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 三诊;溲行较增,浮肿减,纳食增,脉仍细迟,再与扶阳理脾。&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 黄厚附五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙灵脾四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生白术五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;带皮苓三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;带皮砂仁六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生谷芽五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;藿梗二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;上安桂一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;大腹皮四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川椒目三钱<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 陈君&nbsp;&nbsp;初诊:湿滞于中,凉风外袭,腹痛滞下,舌黄腻、脉<BR>结,治以温通。&nbsp; &nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 川羌活一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;制川乌四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;广木香一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;陈薤白三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;漂苍<BR>术二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;酒军一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;炮姜炭三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;大腹皮三钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 二诊:滞下瘥,中气虚寒,腹痛,苔白、脉细迟,再与温中<BR>理脾。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 黄厚附五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;西砂仁三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒白术五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡吴萸<BR>三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;广木香一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝二钱&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;姜半夏五钱&nbsp; &nbsp;大腹皮四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈薤<BR>白三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;带皮苓三钱<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 陈先生&nbsp;&nbsp;初诊:肝肾不足,下虚寒而上假热,鼻衄气促,胸<BR>闷,舌苔滑、脉虚缓,当柔肝摄肾为主。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 生龙齿一两&nbsp;&nbsp;菟丝饼六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炮姜炭一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;活磁石一两&nbsp;&nbsp;破故纸<BR>六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;橘红一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炙苏子二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;黑锡丹六钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 二诊:鼻衄止,气促微瘥,肾气不足,摄纳无权,脉沉虚,<BR>仍当温热。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 破故纸六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;灵磁石一两&nbsp;&nbsp;炒白术<BR>四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炙苏子二钱&nbsp; &nbsp;黑锡丹五钱&nbsp; &nbsp; 覆盆子四钱&nbsp; &nbsp; 炒杜仲四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炮姜<BR>一钱半<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 邓先生&nbsp;&nbsp;初诊:风假相搏,客于小肠,中满呕恶,间日寒<BR>热,苔白脉细,当与温化。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 北柴胡一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;制川朴一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;藿梗三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝一钱半&nbsp; &nbsp; 草果<BR>一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;威灵仙三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生姜三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;姜半夏四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒茅术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈皮一钱半<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 二诊:少阳寒热不解,寒热虽作,较前减轻,苔白纳呆,再<BR>守前法出入。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 生牡蛎八钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒茅术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;草果—钱&nbsp;&nbsp;北柴胡二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;制川朴一钱<BR>威灵仙五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生姜三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;带皮苓五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝一钱半<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 三诊:少阳枢机渐达,寒热已减,胸腹已宽,苔白脉紧,而<BR>虚寒假仍盛,脾肾阳虚,再与温化。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 川桂枝一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;生牡蛎八钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒茅术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;乌附块三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;北柴胡<BR>一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;姜半夏五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;草果四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;大腹皮三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈皮一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;生姜三钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 四诊;纳增脉和,正气渐调,体质虚寒,再与温养。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 乌附块三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;姜半夏四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒白术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒西芪<BR>三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;西砂仁一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;生谷芽五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒白芍三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈皮<BR>一钱半<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 康小君&nbsp;&nbsp;初诊:体质虚寒,阳气不能温养筋骨,左偏环跳痹<BR>痛,骨劳初期,脉息虚缓,当与温养。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 川桂枝一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;巴戟天五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;桑寄生四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生西芪三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;土炒当<BR>归二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川独活一钱&nbsp; &nbsp;淫羊藿三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;乌附块三钱&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 二诊:骨劳初期,与温养尚安,再守前法为治。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 川桂枝一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;炒杜仲三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;土炒当归一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生西芪四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生龙<BR>骨八钱&nbsp;&nbsp;独活一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;焦续断三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淫羊藿三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;乌附块三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;巴戟天<BR>一钱半<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 三诊:连进温养,脉息沉缓,眠食尚安,溲前见泻,虚寒挟<BR>假,仍以前法损益。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 乌附块三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生西芪四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川牛膝一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;生苡仁六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;土炒当<BR>归二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川独活一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝—钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;生龙齿八钱&nbsp;&nbsp;巴戟天五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淫<BR>羊藿三钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 四诊:连进温养夕脉转缓和,左腿动作亦进佳,正气渐充,<BR>仍守前法为主。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 巴戟天五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川杜仲四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生龙骨八钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淫羊藿一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒西芪<BR>四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒当归二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炮姜一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;乌附块二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;桑寄生<BR>五钱<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 韦君&nbsp;&nbsp;初诊:肝肾下虚,阳失潜养,湿痰中阻,血溢于上,<BR>苔白、脉弦虚,当与温潜为主。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 仙半夏五钱 带皮苓六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;菟丝饼五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;白芥子<BR>二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;补骨脂五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;甜三七一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;制川朴一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;广郁金四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;黑锡丹<BR>六钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 二诊:脉息沉微,弦象已差,咳呛痰中有瘀血,再与前法损<BR>益。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 破故纪六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炙百部一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒杜仲五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏<BR>五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;制川朴一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;黑锡丹五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;覆盆子四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;菟丝饼八钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炙苏子<BR>五钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 三诊:瘀血咳嗽已差,脉转沉迟,脾肾之阳俱虚,再与温<BR>养。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 乌附块三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;破故纸六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炙苏子二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神五钱 巴戟天<BR>六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炮姜二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;橘饼半个&nbsp;&nbsp;炒白术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炙百部一钱半<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 四诊:脉息迟而微弦,苔腻,便秘。脾肾两虚,温邪遏阻,<BR>再与扶正化假。&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 乌附块三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;制川朴一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;巴戟天五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炙苏子二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒白术囚<BR>钱&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈皮一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;白芍四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;破故纸五钱<BR>炮姜二钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 五诊:脉转弦缓,胃纳亦增,脾肾之阳渐化,再守前法为<BR>治。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 乌附块四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;带皮苓五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淫羊藿四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;菟丝饼六<BR>钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炮姜三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生谷芽丑钱&nbsp;&nbsp;巴戟天六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒白术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;制川朴一钱<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 苏先生&nbsp;&nbsp;初诊:中寒假盛,寒邪外干,头昏痰嗽,恶寒,脉<BR>浮,治以温解。&nbsp; &nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 白苏子三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炙细辛五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;带皮苓八钱&nbsp;&nbsp;姜半夏五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝二<BR>钱&nbsp;&nbsp;橘红二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;白杏仁三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;制川朴一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生姜三钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 二诊:表邪解,咳嗽瘥,假痰尤盛,再与温化。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 白芥子三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒白术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;橘红二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;姜半夏五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈枳壳三钱<BR>川徕子一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;云茯苓六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;远志一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生姜三钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 罗先生&nbsp;&nbsp;初诊:食物动中,风邪干表,身热头痛,.中满腹<BR>痛,脉息濡迟,当温化。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 藿苏梗三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;大腹皮三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒茅术四钱.带皮苓<BR>五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;白杏仁三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;制川朴一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生姜三钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 二诊:表解风痧透发,中满腹痛俱瘥,脉缓苔腻,再与温<BR>化,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 炒茅术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;制川朴一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;乌附<BR>块三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈皮一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;生姜三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;带皮苓六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;白杏仁三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;藿梗二钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 三诊:营卫和,中满腹痛俱瘥,阳虚眠少,脉细迟,当与温<BR>潜。&nbsp; &nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 乌附块五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒白术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炮姜二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;抱茯神五钱 生龙齿八钱<BR>陈皮一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;酸枣仁五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生谷芽五钱。生姜五钱<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 裘老太太&nbsp;&nbsp;初诊:假蕴于中,凉风外束,营卫遏阻,郁积而<BR>成,滞下腹痛,新病宿痰,互相为害,中满呕恶,里急后重,脉<BR>息虚数,当与温化。&nbsp; &nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 漂苍术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒乌头一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;姜汁炒川连二分&nbsp;&nbsp;陈<BR>薤白三锅&nbsp;&nbsp;炮姜炭三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;带皮槟榔三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;橘红二钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;二诊:数脉转缓,腹痛稍整,积滞来清,饮邪中阻,脘闷后<BR>重,再与温中。&nbsp; &nbsp; <BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 藿梗三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;草乌头一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;姜半夏六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;姜汁炒川<BR>连四分&nbsp;&nbsp;陈薤白三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;橘红二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;大腹皮三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;漂苍术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜<BR>三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;制川朴—钱&nbsp; &nbsp; <BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 三诊,滞下瘥而微,中焦水邪泛滥,心阳遏阻,痞闷吐酸,<BR>口千,脾精不布,表亦不和,泻心法加减。&nbsp; &nbsp; <BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 姜半夏六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒白术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;带皮槟榔三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;姜汁炒川连四分&nbsp;&nbsp;藿<BR>梗二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;炮姜炭三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;西洋参二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;王君&nbsp;&nbsp;初诊:伤寒已达二候,自汗气促,鼻煽,脉息虚缓,舌润无苔。心肾水虚,真阳泄越,与摄胃潜阳为主。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 乌附块五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生龙齿一两&nbsp;&nbsp;炒白术四钱&nbsp; &nbsp;鸡子黄一枚&nbsp;&nbsp;生牡蛎一两&nbsp;&nbsp;炮姜三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;黑锡丹五钱&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 二诊:自汗气促稍瘥,真阳已有潜藏之势,脉息仍虚数,气衰,仍当摄阳益肾为主。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 乌附块五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;破故纸五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生牡蛎一两&nbsp;&nbsp;生龙齿一两&nbsp;&nbsp;覆盆子三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;黑锡丹五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;巴戟天六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炮姜二钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 三诊:连进益阳补肾,脉象缓而敛,吸气亦深,肾之摄纳渐复,再与前意出入。&nbsp; &nbsp; <BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 乌附块五钱 朱茯神五钱.破故纸六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;灵磁石一两&nbsp;&nbsp;巴哉天六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炮姜三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;制川朴一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生龙齿一两&nbsp;&nbsp;炒白术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏五钱&nbsp; &nbsp; <BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 四诊:脉缓而虚,邪去正虚,肾气不固,耳聋眠少,再与益肾潜阳为治。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 乌附块五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;大熟地六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生龙齿一两&nbsp;&nbsp;破散纸六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炮姜四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生谷芽五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒于术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;灵磁石一两<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 徐世兄&nbsp;&nbsp;初诊:肝肾下虚,因感身热,虚阳上并,血亦阢之,阳络破伤,咯血盈瓶,时作时止,苔黑而润,脉虚缓,日轻夜重,治当潜阳摄肾为主。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 生龙齿一两&nbsp;&nbsp;覆盆子五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;灵磁石一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炮姜二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;破故纸六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏八钱&nbsp;&nbsp;黑锡丹三钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 二诊:下虚阳浮,血溢于上,昨与潜阳摄肾,故血稍瘥,脉亦略敛,再与前法出入为治。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 破故纸六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生牡蛎一两&nbsp;&nbsp;生龙齿一两&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生三七七分&nbsp;&nbsp;黑锡丹二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;乌附块三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炮姜炭二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;菟丝饼六钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 三诊:连进潜阳摄肾,脉转沉细,血少色淡,咳时热气上腾,肝肾之阳,仍未潜伏,再与柔肝摄肾,兼肃肺气。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 生龙齿一两五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生牡蛎一两五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炙苏子二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炙百部一钱牛&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;菟丝饼八钱&nbsp;&nbsp;破故纸八钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炮姜炭二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;巴戟天六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈皮一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;黑锡丹三钱&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 四诊:脉转虚缓,热渐较平,肝肾虚阳,已有潜藏之势,苔心黑色未尽退,寒热邪瘀滞,尚未尽降,再与摄阳肃肺。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 乌附块四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;制百部—钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;生龙齿一两五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;玉蝴蝶二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;甜三七一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生牡蛎一两五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炙苏子一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;菟丝饼八钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 五诊:血止,浊痰犹多,黑苔已化,脉应指,中阳渐复,肝肾亦潜,再与昨法为治。&nbsp; &nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 乌附块四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;菟丝饼八钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生龙齿一两五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;破故纸八钱&nbsp;&nbsp;沙苑子五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炙苏子一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;生牡蛎一两覆盆子四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神五钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 六诊:血止两日未见,脉转虚缓,苔化而唇稍红。肝肾之阳,犹少潜摄,再与温潜为主。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 生龙齿一两五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炙苏子一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;灵磁石一两五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;甘枸杞四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;破故纸从钱&nbsp;&nbsp;橘红一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;乌附块五钱&nbsp; &nbsp;菟丝饼八钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒白薇一钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;七诊:血止三日,肝肾之硝渐潜,复感微寒,咳呛胸痛,脉虚弦,再与温潜,兼调肺肾。&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 炙百部一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;灵磁石一两&nbsp;&nbsp;破故纸六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炙苏子一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;鸟附块五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;橘红一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;生龙齿一两&nbsp;&nbsp;炮姜炭二钱,覆盆子四钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;八诊:脉息日渐缓和,肝肾潜纳有取,营卫不调,胃纳亦增,再与柔肝填肾。&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; <BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 生龙齿一两五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;乌附块五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炙苏子一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;破故纸六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神一钱五分&nbsp;&nbsp;淮山药五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;菟丝饼六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;活磁石一两熟地炭五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏五钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 九诊,肝肾潜藏,面部红色已褪,肺胃假热未清,痰色犹浊,寐食已安,仍宜前意。&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 生龙骨一两&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;熟地炭六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生牡蛎一两&nbsp;&nbsp;云茯苓五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炙苏子一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;陈皮一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;乌附块三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒白术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;菟丝饼六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜一钱<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 沈君&nbsp;&nbsp;初诊:湿温已及两候,肌热未平,苔腻咳嗽气逆,脉息浮弦,当与温中达表<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 活磁石一两&nbsp;&nbsp;川羌活二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;蜜炙麻黄一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;厚附片五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒茅术四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;白芥子三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;大腹皮四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈皮一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;生姜三钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 二诊:肌热稍平,脉息略缓,咳呛气逆,再与潜阳和表。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 活磁石一两五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川羌活二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;白芥子三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;厚附片六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒茅术五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;大腹皮四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈皮二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;姜半夏五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;制川朴一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;生姜三钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 三诊:肌热平,营卫不能白和,脉息虚缓,再与前法损益。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 厚附片八钱&nbsp;&nbsp;姜半夏五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;活磁石一两&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;酸枣仁六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈皮二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒白术五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;白芥子三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈枳壳二钱生姜三钱<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;李宝宝&nbsp;&nbsp;初诊,伤寒夹湿,身热两周来解,神识渐昏,舌黑<BR>而润,汗出齐颈,脉息虚浮,中阳衰惫,卫气不逆,当与温中和<BR>表。 <BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;乌附块二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;灵磁石六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;白杏仁三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;大豆卷三<BR>钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;朱茯神四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生姜三片<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 二诊:伤寒太少合病,与温中和表,身热渐乎,脉亦应指,<BR>中渐复,卫气渐达,再与前法出入。&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 川桂枝—二钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;乌附块二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;灵磁石六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生白芍三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;大豆卷<BR>三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒竹茹一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;白杏仁主钱&nbsp;&nbsp;水炙甘草八分&nbsp;&nbsp;生姜三片&nbsp; &nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 三诊:身热平,脉虚细,舌仍中黑,不知泛恶,表气虽和,<BR>中寒未罢,再与益阳和中。&nbsp; &nbsp; <BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 川桂枝一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒白术三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;灵磁石五钧&nbsp;&nbsp;生白芍三钱 乌附块二<BR>钱&nbsp;&nbsp;带皮苓四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;藿梗一钱 仙半夏三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;淡干姜一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈皮一钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 四诊;略受寒侵,营卫复失调节,身热起伏,舌黑泛恶,脉<BR>虚紧,再与温调营卫。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 炙麻黄五分&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;远志八分&nbsp;&nbsp;白杏仁三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生白芍三钱<BR>灵磁石五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈皮一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;乌附块二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生姜三钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;五诊:身热平,脉息渐和,头部尚有微热,苔仍黑腻,作<BR>恶,中焦遏阻,再与益阳和中。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 乌附块三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生龙齿六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;白杏仁三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生姜三钥&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏三钱<BR>白苏子一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;制川朴一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒六曲二钱 灵磁石六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;带皮苓四钱<BR>远志八分&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 六诊:脉静身凉,黑苔渐化,唇干溲少,津液未复,仍当温<BR>中和胃。&nbsp; &nbsp; <BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 乌附块三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生龙齿六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;云茯苓四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;福泽泻四<BR>钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生牡蛎六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;焦谷芽四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生白术三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川桂枝一钱&nbsp; &nbsp;陈皮一钱<BR>半<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 七诊:溲浊苔腻,咳嗽不爽。肺胃未和,再与温调。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 生白芍三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;制川朴一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;生白术三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;云茯苓四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炙苏子<BR>一钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈皮一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;生姜三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;乌附块三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生谷芽四钱<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 朱奶奶&nbsp;&nbsp;初诊:中湿遏阻,头昏便闭,苔腻脉沉滑,当与温<BR>化。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 藿梗三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;炒茅术五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;制川朴一钱半&nbsp;&nbsp;仙半夏八钱.大腹皮四<BR>钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈皮二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生姜三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;白杏仁四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;栝楼皮三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;明天麻三钱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 二诊:诸恙稍瘥,脉息沉缓,苔腻中满,再与温化为主。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 活磁石一两&nbsp;&nbsp;炒茅术五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;藿梗五钱&nbsp;&nbsp;陈皮二钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生牡蛎一两<BR>带皮苓六钱&nbsp;&nbsp;黄厚附四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;生姜三钱&nbsp;&nbsp;姜半夏六钱·大腹皮四钱&nbsp;&nbsp;川<BR>桂枝三钱 </P><P><HR width="100%" color=#808080 noShade SIZE=2><P></P><P><B>作者: </B>三七生 &nbsp; &nbsp; <B>时间: </B>2006/1/27 13:23<BR>试述祝味菊用温经验<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 祝昧菊老中医系浙江山阴祝家桥入氏,先祖<BR>世代业医,其耳濡目染,自幼即喜阅中医书籍,一<BR>生治学严谨,博览群书.上溯内难,下逮明清,且<BR>能融汇贯通,悟出新意。祝老擅用温药建功,常<BR>能应手而愈,现就笔者记忆所及之一二,介绍如<BR>下。<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; (一)温&nbsp;&nbsp;补<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 祝氏用温药施温补法为最多,内外科皆常用<BR>之。如:肺结核用温补剂、阴疽溃疡施温补等。<BR>曾谓:“中医治肺结核无特效药物,予之所以能治<BR>愈肺病者,全恃大剂温补药物,补阳培阴,增气<BR>养血,鼓舞自身正气力量,以包围病灶与扑灭细<BR>菌,因而获得成功。”如赵君年五十许,身体虚弱,<BR>咳嗽不休,痰中带血,形消骨立,颧骨高耸,眼<BR>光锐利,令人望而生畏,病人自认为不起矣,尤<BR>以每晚低热,更令其烦恼不已,见医则问死朗。祝<BR>氏诊曰:肺结核病情深重,非不治之症,病人必<BR>须与医生配合,振起精神,防止消极,用药改弦<BR>易辙(前医多用养阴润肺之晶),首重鼓舞元气,<BR>汝病可望转机。处方:附子、黄芪、熟地,党参、<BR>当归,桂枝,炒白芍,磁石、炒白术、菟丝饼、仙<BR>灵脾、苏子,炙百部、炙紫苑,淮山药、麦芽,<BR>杏仁,3剂水煎服,另眼紫河车粉每日3克,连<BR>服7剂,诺症大喊,精神转佳而向愈。后嘱其每<BR>逢冬季,眼6—7剂补药及紫河车粉,随访健如常<BR>人。<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;(二)温潜<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;温潜之法,系祝氏根据仲景方桂枝龙骨牡蛎<BR>汤而立,即用附子之温与磁石龙齿之潜而成。凡<BR>见咯血。失眠、心悸怔忡,男子遗精、女子梦交<BR>等症,用之甚验。尤以突出的是祝氏在辨伤寒证<BR>见神昏谵语时,能正确区分开是虚阳上浮而致,<BR>还是热人心包而生,前者用温潜之法,投附于、枣<BR>仁、磁石、龙齿之晶,而忌用后者之安宫牛黄丸<BR>及清宫汤之届。如祝氏洽—男患徐某,20岁,患<BR>伤寒,高热不退,渐至谵语,神志昏迷,名医皆<BR>用清宫汤合紫雪丹治之,罔效。邀请祝氏诊治,经<BR>望、闻,问,切四诊合参,谓:“神已衰矣,下能<BR>作热人心包之冶法”,遂以温潜法拟方:附于,活<BR>磁石,生龙齿、川桂枝,生白芍、酸枣亡,茯神、<BR>石菖蒲、仙半夏,远志等药,逐渐治愈。<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; (三)温凉并用<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 古方资寿解语汤(附于与羚羊同用)系治中<BR>风之妙方,祝氏常用之。曾谓:“羚羊冶瞄,附于<BR>强心,阳气虚而有脑症状者最宜”。他在蜀时,曾<BR>用此方治—老翁中风抽陷,数帖而愈。至于附于<BR>与石膏同用,更是屡见不鲜,祝氏曰:“附子性热,<BR>可以扶阳而固本;石膏之凉,既可以制炎而解热,<BR>又能中和附于之性。阳气不足,炎热不过盛,可<BR>重附于而轻石膏,阳气略亏,炎热颇盛,又可重<BR>石膏而轻附于”。可见祝氏温凉并用之妙。<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; (四)温下与温润<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 肠胃积滞,医用凉药下之,此其常也。而祝<BR>氏刚用温下,用附于之温热,配大黄之攻下。尤<BR>其对阿米巴痢疾,附于大黄加芍药黄芩汤效若桴<BR>鼓,即附于、大黄,芍药、黄连、黄芩、当归,槟<BR>榔、木香、甘草、肉桂,桔梗。对于湿疹,祝氏<BR>认为与肠胃不清有关,治疗时以附子,大黄温下,<BR>白鲜皮,海桐皮、生姜皮、地肤子,苦参、生薏<BR>仁、陈皮祛湿,效果显著。对于老年便秘,祝氏<BR>常用温润之法,附子、桑椹、黑芝麻、活磁石、火<BR>麻仁、制首乌。陈枳壳、酸枣仁、并另服半疏丸,<BR>屡眼屡效。<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; (五)温&nbsp;&nbsp;散<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 冶阴疽要方阳和汤,方由熟地、鹿角胶,炒<BR>白芥于、肉桂、生甘草,姜炭、麻黄所组成。祝<BR>氏于方中加附于、磁石效果甚佳,如冶穿骨流注,<BR>缩脚朋痪、阴寒痹症等均效。祝氏曰:“盖此方能<BR>振奋阳气,祛寒消肿也。但方中缺乏附子,为美<BR>中不足,余每次用阳和汤均加附子”。如沽马君,<BR>年六十有一,左膝部肿胀疼痛,服活血化瘀之药<BR>无效,祝氏即用阳相汤加附子治之.肿胀渐消而<BR>愈。另李君,年三十许,经常行水湿作业,久则<BR>右小腿连及腘部,有硬块不能下地,医谓气滞血<BR>瘀,投当归、川芎、赤芍、桃仁、红花、姜黄,三<BR>棱等药治之,无效。祝氏改用阳和汤加附子,服<BR>药5帖,自觉患部有热气上下,不久腿即能动,继<BR>服数帖而能下地行走,槐其腿部之硬块均消失。<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; (六)温开<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp; 对胸痹之症,况氏常用温开法治之。并引<BR>《金匮》谓:“寒气客于五脏六腑,因虚而发,上<BR>冲胸间,则胸痹”,夫虚者,虽不明何种虚,余意<BR>为阳虚气短。是以仲景均用温开法,如括蒌薤白<BR>白酒汤、括蒌薤白半夏汤等均属妙方。胸痹之病<BR>颇多,根据病情用附子,功效尤捷。 </P><P><HR width="100%" color=#808080 noShade SIZE=2><P></P><P><B>作者: </B>xww &nbsp; &nbsp; <B>时间: </B>2006/1/27 18:33&nbsp; &nbsp; <B>标题: </B>温病学说,还要发展完善.<BR><BR>温病学说是对一味"伤寒"的纠偏.当温病学说盛行时又往往意识不到自己的偏差,妨碍了伤寒学说的发展..当人们纠正温病学说的偏差后,中医理论又要向前发展了.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;我认为,在某种意义上说,温病学说应是伤寒论的一个分支.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;叶、吴的温病学说并没有解决完一些温热病难题.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;吴氏对古人关于“髓热者死”、“热而痉者死”等九个温热病种“死不可治”之说提出了“间有可治”的异议,但毕竟没能开出成功大法。这说明 温病学说还要发展完善.&nbsp; &nbsp; 我不赞同所有温热病都是温邪、温毒致病的说法.我也不不赞同完全否定温病学说.<BR>xww&nbsp;&nbsp;2006-1-27 </P><P><HR width="100%" color=#808080 noShade SIZE=2><P></P><P><B>作者: </B>古月 &nbsp; &nbsp; <B>时间: </B>2006/3/2 11:06<BR>民间中医 &raquo;&nbsp;&nbsp;语音讲堂 &raquo; 中医漫谈(录音整理)<BR><A target=_blank href="http://www.37tcm.net/forum/viewthread.php?tid=11548" target=_blank>http://www.37tcm.net/forum/viewthread.php?tid=11548</A><BR>#3<BR><BR>中医漫谈之三:从祝徐之辩看寒温之争         <BR>根据民间中医网中医讲堂录音整理<BR><BR>  &nbsp; &nbsp;讲述:三七生<BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; 时间:2006-2-16  整理:观自在 </P><P><HR width="100%" color=#808080 noShade SIZE=2><P></P><P><B>作者: </B>刘文澄 &nbsp; &nbsp; <B>时间: </B>2006/3/2 11:33<BR>伤寒六经辨证无需分寒温,只需分阴阳,《内经》明训:“善诊者察色按脉先别阴阳 ”,正是因为分出一个温病不明阴阳才误导了大批学子。</P><P>========================</P><P>转自:<A target=_blank href="http://www.ngotcm.com/forum/viewthread.php?tid=9480">http://www.ngotcm.com/forum/viewthread.php?tid=9480</A><BR></P>
 楼主| 发表于 2007-1-25 10:43 | 显示全部楼层

从《伤寒质难》看祝味菊对叶派的批判(柴中元)&#32;

<><B>标题: </B>从《伤寒质难》看祝味菊对叶派的批判(柴中元) </SPAN><BR></P><><HR width="100%" color=#808080 noShade SIZE=2><></P><P><B>作者: </B>三七生 &nbsp; &nbsp; <B>时间: </B>2006/1/27 13:18&nbsp; &nbsp; <B>标题: </B>从《伤寒质难》看祝味菊对叶派的批判(柴中元)<BR><BR>对伤寒学说的独特见解<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 祝味菊(1885—1951),浙江绍兴人,出身于医学世家,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 早年悬壶成都,为四川名医。后因避乱到上海,以擅用温补,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 独树一帜,有祝附子之号。曾任过中国医学院实习导师,新中<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 国医学院研究院院长等职,生前很受陆渊雷、章次公等时贤之<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 推崇,在近代中医界,具有一定之影响。祝氏学贯中西,毕身<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 致力于中医革命,并不汲汲于著书,据查证,业经手订之著<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 作,约有《伤寒质难》,《伤寒新义》、《伤寒方解》、《诊<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 断提纲》,《脉学举隅》等数种,曾集为《祝氏医学丛书》。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 从《伤寒质难》来看,祝氏之医学造诣高超,学术风格独特,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 故其著作,无疑具有相当的学术价值。现仅就《伤寒质难》一<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 书,介绍一下其对伤寒学说的独特见解。<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 一、对伤寒病因的认识<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 外感病的病因,温病学派认为多是温邪所引起,故对一般<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 具有发热的急性传染病,几乎多称为温病,且有取代广义伤寒<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 的趋势。伤寒学派则认为是寒邪所引起,故将一切外感热病,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 统隶于伤寒之内。祝氏则参西说中,认为:<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1·病因无温邪可言:祝氏认为:六淫是风、寒、暑、湿、<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 燥、火,原无温邪之说。温热太过,蒸湿成暑,暑能为病,可<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 以理解。但温暖气候,于人体最适。气温之热度,即在夏天,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 亦低于人体,是不是以形成为一种致病原因的。他说:&nbsp;&nbsp;“寒温<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 之辨,聚讼数百年,其主要之区别,在证候不在原因。然辨之<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 者,必曰其因有别。”所以同一疾病,往往甲曰是伤寒引起,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 乙曰是温邪引起,甚至弄得诊断上都无法统一。他明确指出;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; “寒温皆非致病之原”,&nbsp;&nbsp;“所谓伤寒,所谓温热,都是一种想<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 象之邪”,&nbsp;&nbsp;“邪病之用温药而愈者,遂名之曰温邪,邪病之用<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 凉药而愈者,遂名之曰温邪。”&nbsp;&nbsp;“邪机之推测,乃从药效反溯<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 而得之。”因此,祝氏认为:就病因言,并没有什么温邪,所<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 谓温热病,是机体反应亢进之表现,“非另有温热之邪也”<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 2,病邪分有机无机:祝氏面对:一国之内,六气偏胜甚大,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 但有些传染病往往不旋踵即纵横南北,且病型相同之客观事<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 实,感到用六气归纳病因,很难解释。他认为不应把中医的病<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 因学说看得完美无缺,他说,&nbsp;&nbsp;“短不可护,护则终短,长不可<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 矜,矜则不长,学说之进步,日新月异,不有破坏,安来建<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 设。”他认为六淫病因说有一定之缺憾,所以,他反对文过饰<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 非,澜翻瞽说,乃融会新知,提出了“因无寒邪温邪之分,邪有无<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 机有机之别&nbsp;&nbsp;”之说,认为六淫是无机之邪,无机之邪无形,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 它只是一种刺激因素,一种诱因,真正的病因是细菌等致病微<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 生物,即有形的有机之邪。但祝氏不是全盘否定六淫可单独致<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 病,他说:&nbsp;&nbsp;“仲景之所谓伤寒,指广义之外感,外感因气候失<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 常,体工失调而病,不必有细菌也。”但不挟有机之邪的外<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 感,是少见的,就一般情况而论,&nbsp;&nbsp;“伤寒之成,有形有机之邪<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 为主因,无形无机之邪为诱因,彼二邪,每狼狈为奸,伺人于<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 不察也。”这种病因观,畅晓明通,于“伤寒由寒邪引起,温<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 病因温邪引起”说之外,可谓是别创了一说。<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 二、对伤寒病理的认识<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 治外感热病之学的流派,在病因认识上不同,在病理认识<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 上自亦互异,此所以对同一热病,往往有或谓“是寒邪伤人足<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 经,外邪乃从体表循六经逐步传里”,或谓“是温邪伤人手<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 经,外邪乃从口鼻按三焦四层逐步深入”的争执。祝氏对此,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 亦另有新说。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1,以五段代六经:祝氏论外感热病,以五段言病理,赋六<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 经以新含义,他说:&nbsp;&nbsp;“夫仲景六经名词,系代表人体抗邪所发<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 生之六大类证候。六经所固定之证候,初不能包含一切抗邪情<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 况,是以后人于伤寒六经之外,又有温病主焦之说,巧立名<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 目,淆惑听闻,以百步笑五十步,其愚等耳。夫证候为疾病之<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 表现,初非疾病之本身,六经证候,既不能包含一切抗邪情<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 形,则六经名称可废也。利用六经名称,以代表各个抗邪程<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 序,则六经名称存之亦可也。一切外感,无论其为何种有机之<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 邪,苟其有激,正气末有不来抵抗者,其抵抗之趋势,不外五<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 种阶段,所谓六经证候,亦不出五段范围。于意云何,吾之所<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 谓六经者,乃代表五种抵抗程序耳,太阳为开始抵抗,少阳为<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 抵抗不济,阳明为抵抗太过,太阴少阴同为抵抗不足,厥阴为<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 最后之抵抗。一切外感,足以激起正气之抵抗者,皆不出此五<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 种阶段,此吾研究之创获,敢谓前所未有也。”陈苏生老谓卫<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 气营血,三焦六经,&nbsp;&nbsp;“皆病理上之逻辑法也,古人以逻辑目<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 光,解释病理,纯为私人之主观,故不可盲从。”其说即是秉<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 祝氏所教。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 2,非传经之旧说:祝氏认为:&nbsp;&nbsp;“六淫外感,着人为病,感<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 邪之后,邪量不复增加,受寒八分,便是八分,祗有消散,决<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 不增加,此无机之邪,无繁殖之机也。”又说:&nbsp;&nbsp;“风寒无形之<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 邪,刺激体腔,及其着体,即不复存在,其诱起营卫之不调,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 乃人体本身调节异常之表现,表何尝有邪,又何尝有风可祛,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 有寒可逐乎。”按照传统说法,六淫似一有形之实物,说它可<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 以从体表步步入里。祝氏认为这种解释是主观之臆想,他比喻<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 说:&nbsp;&nbsp;“六淫造病,有如媒灼然,及其既婚,媒者休矣,”而作<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 为伤寒主因的有机之邪,既可是原已潜伏体内,或者是从口鼻<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 而入,并非是只要一受气候影响,病菌就可从体表入里,他<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 说:&nbsp;&nbsp;“皮肤若非破损,病菌决无从入”这显然是对的。但从<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 口鼻入,也不是象叶派说的那样,好象真有温热之邪入卫入气入<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 营入血。叶氏四层之看法,&nbsp;&nbsp;“不过是描写病变四种之历程”,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; “疾病之发展,因人而殊,因药而异,体质强弱,有体质强弱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 之过程,药石当否,有当否之演变。”前人划分六经三焦,卫<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 气营血,是欲使病邪如火车之行轨道,不准有丝毫溢出,因明<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 知这样不合实际,故又曰并病合病,顺传逆传,并造成了既<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 云“看法与伤寒同”,又云“邪在一经不移”等自相矛盾的说<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 法。他说:&nbsp;&nbsp;“卫气营血,不过解释叶氏所习见之四种病型而<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 已,此项病型之造成,半为叶氏纠正时医之误,半为叶氏自作<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 聪明之误。”&nbsp;&nbsp;“然其所述病变,强半为叶氏本人所造成,是以<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 遵其法,则见其证,必有其前后缓急之法,乃有其卫气营血之<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 传,其先见之明,正其谬误之处。”<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 三、对伤寒治疗的认识<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 对热病的治疗,叶派以用清法与护阴津,为二大原则。祝<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 氏主张用温用清,当辨证而定,鉴于时弊,他尤其强调护阳不<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 可偏废,故于温补,最为注重,其议论则具有创见,如,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1·强调匡扶之法:治疗外感热病,特别是在初起阶段,张<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 子和不必说,他如吴又可、徐灵胎,乃致,陆九芝等许多医家,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 一般都强调祛邪为第一,故有“治外感如将,治内伤如相”,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; “大凡客邪,贵乎早逐”,&nbsp;&nbsp;“欲为万全之策者,不过知邪之所<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 在,早拔去病根为要耳。”&nbsp;&nbsp;“良工之治病,先治其实”等说<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 法,但祝氏则强调匡扶。他举例说:三人栉风沐雨,冲寒冒<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 暑,所处环境相等,而病否不等,甲者不病,乙者病后不药而<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 岔,丙者病而用药不愈,或甲遇气候剧变而不病,乙遇轻微之<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 变即患病,这说明外感病仍是以调节机能的强弱,免疫力量的<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 盛衰为主因。故他反复指出:&nbsp;&nbsp;“医之为工,能扶正以祛邪也,”<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; “古谚有云:上工治病,必先固本。良有以也,”&nbsp;&nbsp;“疾病为正<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 邪格斗之行动,医之任务,协正以祛邪也”,&nbsp;&nbsp;“伤寒之为病,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 邪正相争之局也,为战之道,气盛则壮,气馁则怯,馁其气而<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 使之战,是取败之道也,”&nbsp;&nbsp;“医之所务,在益人也,去病而伤<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 正,何益之有哉。吾子急切好胜,以为去病即是真理,是不知<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 曲突徙薪,以焦头烂额为上客也。”,&nbsp;&nbsp;“总之,伤寒正邪相<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 博,正胜则邪负,邪祛则正安,正盛邪微,病有自愈之理,正<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 盛而处理无方,则邪有稽留之道。”祝氏认为:治疗伤寒,如<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 能纠正营卫之失调,调动机体之抗力,去其病菌之附丽,则<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; “纵使首慝未诛,而莠民已戢,”病菌虽仍在体内,也不能再<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 有害于宿主。祝氏不是说对病邪的处理就不关重要,陈苏生老<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 曾总结祝氏观点说:&nbsp;&nbsp;“治病不治人,其失必多,知人不知病,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 弊亦相等。人病兼治,效捷而功全,此上策也。”这无疑是正<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 确的,中医因向无科学工具,对于病原体及特效药的研究,一<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 向略焉而不详,&nbsp;&nbsp;“然病变万端,不外体力之消长,”&nbsp;&nbsp;“故治病<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 若无特效药,即当维护自然疗能。”为了扬长避短,免得在针<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 对病邪下药缺乏实效时,出现虽能预料发展,只能以疲药塞<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 责,不能截断逆转病势的被动局面,故祝氏主张:倘“未能直<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 接除去其病原,则当扶持体力,协调其自然疗能,此一贯之<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 道,凡病皆然,不独伤寒而已也。”这就是他“在照例的强调<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 病原之外,对于病原的对手方,格外的加以强调”之原因。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 2·阐扬重阳原理:祝氏崇尚二张(仲景、景岳)学说,对<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 叶派每多批评,他认为,&nbsp;&nbsp;“阴常有余,阳常不足,非臆谈也,”<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; “轻阳重阴,世俗浅见之论也。”因“一切时感为病,大都正<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 邪相争之局,”&nbsp;&nbsp;“一切病邪,及其既入人体,即为人体抗力所<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 支配,”而“抗力之消长,阳气实主持之。阳气者,抗力之枢<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 纽也。气实则实,气虚则虚。伤寒为战斗行动,故当首先重<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 阳。”祝氏认为人在未病时,不妨着意营养,以培养其阳,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; “及其既病,则当首重阳用,阳衰一分,则病进一分,正旺一<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 分,则邪却一分,此必然之理也。”他说伤寒初期,&nbsp;&nbsp;“卫外之<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 阳不固也”,&nbsp;&nbsp;“伤寒极期,抗力岂有余哉,”&nbsp;&nbsp;“尤拙吾曰,阳<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 明津涸,舌干口燥,不足虞也。若并亡其阳。则殆矣。良工治<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 病不患津之伤,而患阳之亡。所以然者,阳能生阴也。是故阴<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 津之盈绌,阳气实左右之。”他认为伤寒后期,扶阳亦当重于<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 增液,但时医习用滋阴润泽,往往反使阳气受阻,致阳用不<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 彰,阴津不继,欲速不达,适得其反,·他说:&nbsp;&nbsp;“人体之真阳不<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 衰,则阴液之来源不绝,夫阳生于阴,气化为滓,脾胃为灌注<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 之本,命门为生化之源,若中阳不败,则水少自然思饮,命火<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 不熄,则阴液自为挹注,世未有阴药不经阳化而能自为润泽者<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 也。”因为“物质易补,元阳难复,”&nbsp;&nbsp;“故医家当以保护阳气<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 为本。”总之,祝氏认为泊伤寒须自始至终注意扶阳,因为,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; “邪正消长之机,一以阳气盛衰为转归,善扶真阳,即善治伤<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 寒。”这就是祝氏之心传。陈苏生老总结性地指出:&nbsp;&nbsp;“抗邪作<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 用,阳之本能也,把握阳气,即是把握抗力,故夫子治伤寒,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 有重阳之议。”<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 四、对伤寒药物的认识<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 祝氏推崇景岳,重视匡扶,但治感证很少用人参,熟地之<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 类。祝氏用附子,每与龙、磁,麻、桂,枣仁之类配伍,与蜀<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 中喜用附子的名医如沈绍九,陆景庭等人之药法亦不同,这是<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 因为其对治感药物,也有较为独特之见解,如;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1,四性疗人之创说:祝氏认为药之四性,是用来疗人的,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 药之五味,是用来治病的·他说性与味,&nbsp;&nbsp;“一以治病,一以治<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 人,泾谓不分,淆惑之由也,”&nbsp;&nbsp;“药理之妙,不过性能二字面<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 已,善用四性之药者,可使体工无偏胜之患,熟悉药物之能<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 者,可收药到病(病指病证而言)除之功。”用药之道,主要<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 是因人制宜,&nbsp;&nbsp;“寒热温凉乃调整抗能之药,抗力太过者,折之<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 以寒,抗力不足者,壮之以温,抗力旺盛,有偏亢之势者,和<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 之以凉,抗力衰敞而虚怯过甚者,助之以热。寒热温凉,扶抑<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 正气之符号。”唯其如此,故若非里气亢盛,寒凉不可轻投。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 祝氏对时医习用轻凉之风气,大为不满,他认为表亢而里气不<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 盛,或局部虽呈热象,但全体抗力不足,都不得以清表、消炎<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 为口实而妄用清凉。因药性是作用于全体的,&nbsp;&nbsp;“药之有凉,所<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 以抑制机能之亢进,一切内服之药,莫不假道肠胃,”&nbsp;&nbsp;“是故<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 凉药入胃,必先寒中,将欲清表,必先寒营,凉药所以抑制亢<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 奋,其抑制之效力,可以普遍遐迩也。是以表亢而里气不盛者,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 又安用清为。”故“局部充血有余,而全身不足者,吾不为清<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 也。”祝氏认为:&nbsp;&nbsp;“扶益元阳之药,多是温煦之品,温字即含<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 有补意。”故“无论有机之邪,无机之邪,其为病而正属虚者,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 总不离乎温法。”上述议论,于纠正滥用清凉,泛施阴腻之时<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 弊,诚有发聋振愦之作用。!<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 2·常用药物之新解:祝氏喜用附子补阳气而不主张用人<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 参,他认为此二药虽均有强心固脱之效,但伤寒机转在表,邪<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 毒以外泄为宜,如因虚而用参,&nbsp;&nbsp;“人参固表,堵塞其邪机发泄<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 之路,”&nbsp;&nbsp;“是乃拂逆其自然之疗能也,故伤寒而正气虚者,宁<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 用附子而不用人参,以附子走而人参守也。”但附子性暴,温<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 而不潜,&nbsp;&nbsp;“阳不嫌多,以潜为贵”,故必须配之以龙骨,磁<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 石,则鲜僭逆之患,制暴为良,全在处方之得宜。故祝氏治伤<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 寒,常用“附子振奋细胞,活跃抗力,以奏捍邪之功,”又鉴<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 于“心脏为血液运输之枢纽,其疲劳而有衰惫之象者,枣、附<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 以强之,”则扶阳强心,气壮血活,相得而益彰,故此四药为<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 其扶正时最常用。至于熟地,他认为虽能滋荣百骸,但其性阴<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 腻,不利邪机外泄,故极少择取。他说:&nbsp;&nbsp;“睿智之士,以为邪机<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 应有出泄之路,清滋方中,佐以宣透,如生地与豆豉同用,”<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 但“若此医治,失多得少,”不足取法,这是其扶正用药之大<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 略。另一特点是十分重视麻,桂之作用,他认为:&nbsp;&nbsp;“麻,桂为<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 伤寒之主要药,”其作用有二,&nbsp;&nbsp;“一为调节体温,二为排泄毒<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 素,”因“麻、桂促使血液外趋,散温排毒,兼而有之。”故伤<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 寒初起,在所必用,因为“发汗解肌,虽不能消除有机之邪,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 然诱因既去,体温有调节之机,则芟芜去障,内在之邪孤矣。”<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 在表解之后,病到了中后期,他仍常用麻,桂,则目的是借<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; “发汗以排毒,所以排泄体工因抵抗而产生之老残废物,及血<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 液中来经中和之毒素也。”而且,他认为通过促使血液趋势向<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 表,能减轻内部病灶之炎肿,符合诱导原理,病理因之恢复至<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 生理,则愈出自然,故其作用非豆豉、豆卷等药所能比拟。<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 结&nbsp;&nbsp;语&nbsp; &nbsp; <BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 明清以降,温热学说大行,人唯叶派学说是宗,&nbsp;&nbsp;“于是清<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 法大时,医有终其身,不用仲景法者,而叶、王,鞠通之方,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 则无不熟读,靡靡之风,举国尽然,稍有异见,便无声援。”<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 然叶派药法之于热病,在截断、逆转问题上,是否疗效甚佳,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 只要遵而勿失就可以了?这个问题,值得思考。但近代医风,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 凡以清凉治外感,即使无效,亦可不致受责,如何新之治许少<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 卿室,&nbsp;&nbsp;“十进清解,病不略减”,改延孟英,王仍赞曰:&nbsp;&nbsp;“幸<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 遇明手,未投温散,尚可无恐,”而祝氏治徐某弟,只用了一<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 剂辛温,病不稍减,医就归咎药误,此所以时医视麻、桂如蛇<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 蝎也。祝氏在这种历史条件下,敢于糠秕经旨,不怕得罪时<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 贤,独辟蹊径,大倡温热,这种精神是十分可贵的。其学说虽<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 不可避免地亦有不足之处,但毕竟是璧玉微瑕。<BR><BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 祝味菊对叶派的批判<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 迄山阴祝味菊出,其对叶派之批判,有新见解,如论温邪<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 引起温病说之非,说贯中西,言前人所未言,开始触动叶派学说<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 之根本。祝氏早年悬壶成都,为四川名医,后到上海,独树一<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 帜,形成一个以温补为特点的祝氏学派,被中医界公认为是仲<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 景一脉之后劲。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 祝氏初到上海时在1927年,据其自云:彼时沪上医家,多<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 属叶派。视氏因医风与之不同,初不敢孟浪悬壶,&nbsp;&nbsp;"于是虚心<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 下气,待诊于名医朱某之门,凡三阅月,深佩其机巧莫测,料<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 变若神,然病者往往由轻而重,而死,医者逐步料到,而不能<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 挽其死。由辛凉解表,甘淡驱湿,而致透热转气,清营散血。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 由宣化湿浊,滋阴清热,而至涤痰开窍,平熄肝风。医者逐步<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 做到,而总不能弭其变,挽其死,于是爽然若失,默然深感名<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 医之所以成名医者,在于料病识变,而不在于劫病救变。”为<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 此,祝氏对叶派医者大为不满,他猛烈抨击这种时弊说:&nbsp;&nbsp;“彼<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 时医处方,以轻灵为通俗,以寒凉为平稳,侈言病变,予谋<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 卸过,伪作谦和,过示审慎,用药维轻,用术维精,煦寒问<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 暖,若有同情,成则居为已功,败则诿诸天命,可以欺妇孺,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 骇庸俗,乌足以受大命。”又说:&nbsp;&nbsp;“彼时俗之医,习用轻清,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 幸而得手,已令延期,每见不药可愈之病,一候又一候,必欲令<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 其邪正俱惫而后休,贪天之功,以为已有,皆造孽之徒也。”<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 批评叶派医者,采用这样措词,真可谓是恽氏学派之遗风。但<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 祝氏之攻讦,是由于愤慨,因彼时叶派中人,排斥异己,亦颇<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 为失当。如1929年,有徐某弟患感证甚剧,先由叶派医者治<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 疗,全谓热入心包,主用清官之类,因治不见效,病家改延祝<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 氏,祝氏予麻,桂、姜、附之类,一劑后未见转机,病家心<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 焦,复延叶派名医,谓已为祝氏误治,不可救药,辞不治。病<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 家于悲痛中觅祝强归,露怨尤祝氏意,祝氏悉情后,因学验丰<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 富,胆识过人,乃一力承担,处方無更只字,先后服六剂而告<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 愈(此事详载于《伤寒质难》)。从这一例子来看,叶派中<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 人,因笃信己学,竟有轻率攻誹他医若是者,祝氏受到这样攻<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 击,在著述中有愤愤之词,应当说是情有可愿的。但现在时代<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 已经不同,医者若仍因学术观点之异,继续互相攻讦,就只能<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 加深门户之见和助长党同伐异之风,给振兴中医事业带来损<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 害,这一点现在很值得我们的注意。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 据《温病明理》记载,恽氏之世,时医已多“崇拜天士为<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 医圣,谓鞠通《温病条辨》,可以与仲景《伤寒论》分庭抗<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 礼。”这说明中医不但曾有人把仲景当偶象来崇拜,也早有人<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 把叶天士作为偶象来崇拜。所以姜春华老说,&nbsp;&nbsp;“我们不要把叶<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 氏当作偶象来崇拜,不要把他治疗温病的经验当作顶峰。”这<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 无疑是正确的。在这一问题上,祝氏不迷信权威的态度是很为<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 可取的,祝氏以五段代六经,已足说明他崇尚仲景学说而不泥<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 于仲景学说。对于叶桂,他说:&nbsp;&nbsp;“天士亦人也,人尽有智也,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 焉知今人之不昔若也。”当然,这话在崇拜叶氏为医圣的人<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 看来是狂妄。但祝氏认为:&nbsp;&nbsp;“学说之演变不已,往往昨是而今<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 非,后生可畏,安知来者之不如昔耶。”又说:&nbsp;&nbsp;“苟能融会中<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 西,探索真理,不通则已,通则豁然开朗,如登泰山之顶而望<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 日出,气象千万,彼金元诸家,直足底浮云耳。”这种见解,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 在执着成见,拒绝新知,以仲景或天士为医圣,拜倒于古人脚<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 下,为已有知识束缚住自己的思想,而听不得不同意见的人,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 是根本不敢想象的。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 祝氏医著中,《伤寒质难》一书,很有学术价值,此书新<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 见解不少。内中“太阳伤寒关于温热病之分辨”一篇,实为诘<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 难批评叶氏学说之专篇。总的来说,祝氏认为叶派之学不可盲<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 从,《温热论》瑕疵很多,吴鞠通、王孟英辈推波助澜,以为<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 叶氏之温热,足以颉颃仲景之伤寒,实则疵谬矛盾,不胜枚<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 举。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 《伤寒质难》系祝氏口述,由其弟子陈苏生老笔录,写于<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1944年,刊行于1950年,是一本以师生问答形式汇录的研讨外<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 感热病之专著,文笔畅茂,论理精湛,且参西说中,不乏创<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 见,惜仅印过二千册,现社会上已很少流传。&nbsp;&nbsp;(上海中医学会<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 图书馆有藏本。)<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 陈苏生老原亦时方医者,曾与祝氏展开舌战,几经辩论,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 始折服称弟子,后卒获视氏心传,成为视派之传人,著有《温<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 热管窥》(内部印行),亦不同凡响之作。陈老今尚健在。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 又上海儿科名医徐小圃,原亦时方医者,后因其子伯远病<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 危,时沪上叶派中名家及西医均束手,经祝氏一力承担而治<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 愈,徐氏受此影响,后亦转变医风,成为祝派中之佼佼者。其<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 子伯远、仲才,俱受业于祝氏,徐仲才教授现执教于上海中医<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 学院。祝派门人,健在者尚多,沪上名医如江克明、王绍基、<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 王九峰等俱属。<BR><BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 太阳伤寒关于温热病之分辨<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 师曰:温热病者,病之偏广热也,即病者反应之偏于亢盛<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 也,非实有温热之邪也,亢盛之反应,即五段中之阳明也。伤<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 寒可以包括温热,温热仅占伤寒之一格而已,辛凉解表,必表<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 闭而里气盛者,方为合拍,时医恣用清凉,其表虽解,然伤正<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 者多矣。譬如边疆有警,命师空袭,急炸之下,玉石俱焚,强<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 敌虽轩,而我民伤矣,譬犹伤滞而泻,重与泻下,滞去而泻亦<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 止,然正气大伤,或为巾虚,消化不良,或为肠寒,动辄便<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 溏,气不盛而予辛凉解表,亦犹是也,表以辛散而解,正因凉<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 伐而伤,合度之抵抗,因清表而为抵抗不济,再清而为抵抗不<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 足,是以时师治表病,每多淹缠难愈,寒凉伤其正也。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 夫太阳伤寒,辛温解表,表解而不伤正,辛凉解表,表解<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 而正气乃伤,若温热之病型,即是阳明抵抗太过,又何厌于清<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 凉哉。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 彼天士之好用寒凉,环境使之然也,有清中叶,医者好用<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 人参,习重温补,士大夫以受赐人参为荣,庶人以持赠人参为<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 礼,士多养尊处优,民多安居乐业,浸浸百余年,相习成时<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 风,驯至感冒发热,亦佐以人参,如参苏饮之类,比比皆然,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 天士出类拔萃,力矫时弊,知感之不宜温补也,创温热之门,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 以立异于伤寒,其用辛凉,乃为气盛而误补失表之用,所谓时<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 时轻扬法也,彼时之人,气盛者多,疾病之反应,每易趋向太<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 过,故可凉可清者亦多,叶氏力反时尚,独创新法,亦医林之<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 俊杰也,后人不识气盛可清之理,恣用寒凉,去真远矣。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 苏生曰:甚矣,环境之足以左右医术也,吾人处天地之<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 间,动焉息焉,饮食起居,喜怒好恶,积之既久,气质多变,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 气质既变,治法亦易,当叶氏之世,民情失补,医多失表,疾<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 病之反应,每易趋向太过,天士著述温热,取法辛凉,乃适应<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 当时之环境也。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 医之用药,所以救弊补偏也,历来方术理论,都是时代之<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 产物,今之以为非者,当其时,以为真理也,今之以为不适于<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 用者,当其时,冈皆应手而效也。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 吾人研究医学,当以历史目光,追溯昔贤之环境,与其著<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 书立说之动机,勿拘泥其所用之术语,惟推求其真义之所在,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 则前人之经验,皆我青囊中物也,叶氏为有清一代名医,声誉<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 噪大江南北,其所著外感温热篇,·后人奉为温热之准绳,今之<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 所谓时医者,其处方用药,皆不离叶氏之范围,吾师谓叶法仅<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 宜于体实气盛,反应有余者,恐时师末能心折也,叶氏创作温<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 热篇之动机,今已了然于心矣,温热篇之著述,其大要如何,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 疗法如何,何者为可取,何者为不当,原夫子阐明之。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 师曰:叶著外感温热篇,其立名之义,乃自别于伏气、伤<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 寒也,言外感,所以别伏气也,言温热,所以别伤寒也。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 当时之所谓伤寒,所谓温热,都是一种想象之邪,邪者,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 害正之物也,本无而忽有,名曰受邪,邪病之用温药而愈者,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 遂名之曰寒邪,邪病之用凉药而愈者,遂名之曰温邪,其因发<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 汗解肌而愈者,曰邪在于表也,其因清泄攻导而已者,曰邪伏<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 于里也,邪机之推测,乃从药效反溯而得之。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 当叶氏之世,误补失表者多,其民体气充实,有感则邪从<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 火化,火化者,人体抗力旺盛,反应敏锐也。&nbsp; &nbsp; <BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 大凡气盛者,激之则怒,阳旺者,激之则亢,亢盛之体,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 投热则燥,与凉即安。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 叶氏适应环境,而著述温热之篇,所以别于适用温药之伤<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 寒,非另有温热之邪也。夫伤寒温病,二而一,一而二也,言<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 刺激则有伤寒之邪,言反应则有亢盛之体,邪正相搏,其抵抗<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 之趋势,倾向太过者,即是温热之病,温热者,病之偏于热<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 也,热者人体反应之偏于亢进也。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 叶著外感温热篇者,叙述温热病变之历程也,其所以揭外<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 感二字者,言邪机之趋势多从表解也,因其可从表解,故名曰<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 外感,揭温热二字者,言温病之证候,多从火化也,因其适于<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 寒凉,故名曰温热。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 叶氏治温热,其看法,卫之后方言气,营之后方言血,营<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 卫气血,乃代表病机之浅深,如伤寒之有六经也。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 温热篇之著述,不外描写四种病变之历程,所谓病变历程<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 者,疾病演变之过程也,疾病之发展,因人而殊,因药而异,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 体质强弱有强弱之过程,药石当否有当否之演变,叶著之温热<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 篇,非是探求病原之论,实乃应付病变之作也,其所叙之证<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 候;不外各个病变之描写而已,其引用之术语,不过其私人<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 之艺术思想而已,非真有温邪入营入卫入气入血也,凡是术<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 语,皆不可执着,吾于叶著之温热篇,综其大要,如是而已。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 苏生曰:晰乎哉,吾师对于叶著温热篇之评论也,如炽犀<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 烛,洞见幽微,虽起叶氏于地下,当亦为之心折也,师言邪机<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 之推测,乃从药效反溯而得之,温热之著述,不外乎病变历程<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 之描写,可谓超于象外,别具慧眼者矣,然吾师一再否定术<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 语,小子期期以为不可,夫术语者,学术上之代名词也,亦即<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 病理解释上之重要符号也,吾国医学精粹之所在也,临床诊断<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 所赖以融会贯通也,当叶氏之世,不闻科学之原理,不知细菌<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 为何物,其恃以为疗病者,全赖术语为之运用也,师而曰中医<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 之书,言表非表,言里非里,表无风可祛,里无热可清,营卫<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 气血,尽是虚构,是自决其藩篱也,若是则吾人诊疗,究竟将<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 以何者为准绳乎,西医每讥中医为不科学,以其所用术语,为<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 不可解也,而吾中医言之成理,用之有效,祛风则风散,散热<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 则热解,解表则表之症状平,平里则里之宿疴以愈,立竿见<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 影,固可以事实证明者也,术语之应用,彼之不及知,而我之<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 深自知也。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 师革新医学,并中医精神所寄之术语而非之,不将为西医<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 所窃笑、中医所齿冷耶。&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 师曰:吾非有厌于术语也,术语之合符真理者,,吾将阐扬<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 之,其不然者,吾将修正之,真理无国界,宁有术语,永为中<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 医所独有者。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 伤寒之形成,一方力致病之菌,一方为受病之人,中医因<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 无科学工具,故对于病原体之形态性能,祗可略焉不详,是诚为<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 缺憾,然吾人于人体应变之能力,则综合分析颇为扼要,中医<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 之言病体,凡是害正者,都名曰邪,其可以感觉意会者,六淫<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 之邪也,其不可以形视目睹而足以危害人体者,都名日毒,所<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 谓疫疠不正之气也,邪也毒也,此皆病菌之代名词也,名虽近<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 乎逻辑,然而约矣,中医之言人也,于体工反应之表现,则有<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 八纲,邪正相争之趋势;则分五段,提纲挈要,有证候可稽,有<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 色脉可合,积数千年之经验,形成各种之术语,有方式,有逻<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 辑,可以观察,可以实验,特略于病而独详于人耳。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 吾人但须阐明术语之真义夕本古训而不拘泥,采新知而不<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 狂悖,惟真理是求,则术语何尝不用哉。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 古人著书立说,皆有环境色彩,东垣生于戎马仓皇之秋,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 民多伤于饥饱劳疫,故有补中益气之论,丹溪处于渔盐之乡;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 地多卑湿,民病内热,故有清利滋阴之说;叶氏之著温热篇,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 亦为适应当时环境之作也,营卫气血,不过解释叶氏所习见之<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 四种病型而已,此项病型之造成,半为叶氏矫正时医之误,半为<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 叶氏自作聪明之误,故其书有可取,有不可取也。&nbsp; &nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 苏生曰:顾问叶著可取之处。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 师曰:叶著所谓温热病者,即余之所谓阳明伤寒也,叶氏<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 所谓外感者,非今之所谓外感也,外感无形之邪,表且不留,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 何法入营,何法入血,更何法逆传心包耶。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 叶氏以临床之经验,知气盛之人,其反应趋向于亢进,故<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 避用温热,知病变之趋势,表者多吉,故法取轻扬,观察病变<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 之过程,斑疹白痞,厥脱詀妄,何者为顺,何者为逆,示人以<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 予后之吉凶,描写证候之状态,舌苔牙齿,色泽声音,以致津<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 汗便溺,何者当清,何者当温,启发辨证之机括,既详且明,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 足为临床之借镜,此其可取之处也。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 苏生曰:然则叶著何法不可取耶。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 师曰:叶氏之视温热也,以为实有温热之邪也,以为温热<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 之邪,于法宜用寒凉也,故曰在表初用辛凉,到气才可清气,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 入营犹可透热转气,入血就恐耗血动血,直须凉血散血,其处<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 方虽有前后缓急之法,而赏用清凉,其揆一也,唯其主观以为<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 温邪当凉,故曰:&nbsp;&nbsp;“虽在吴人阳微之体,亦应用清凉”,明知<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 阳微过清必死,故又曰:“清凉到六七分,即不可过于寒凉,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 恐成功反弃也”。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 总是立名不正,遂令其言不顺。夫外感发热,气盛而表闭<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 者,与辛凉则热退,此热体(气盛之意)之外感也,而口十氏曰<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 此乃外感温邪也,宜辛凉解之,倒因为果,此急需更正者一<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 也。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;伤寒内有所激,气盛而表闭者,辛凉解表,则表开气和<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 矣,气不旺者,妄用清凉,则正馁而表气慑矣,表闭而放温障<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 碍,则热更炽矣,热炽则熏灼神经,宜有躁烦不寐之症矣,此<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 误凉失表之咎也。叶氏曰:&nbsp;&nbsp;“温邪热变最速,辛凉不解,是渐<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 欲入营也,营分受热,则血液受劫,心神不安,夜甚无寐,即撤<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 去气药,参入凉血清热,”此一误再误也,表闭里怯,当予辛<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 温,叶氏以为温邪宜凉,岂知不当之凉,将自馁其气,此一误<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 也,凉表则表气不宣,秽毒堵留;生温益亢,热之亢也,意欲<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 冲开痞塞,解表而自舒其困也,不开其表,而反撤去气药,一<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 意于清营,是正欲伸而又抑之也,是不能拯之于涂炭,而反驱<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 之于深渊也,叶氏名重一时,临证甚多,曾见辛凉解表,表解<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 而愈者,亦曾见表开而热不解者,又见表不解而热更炽者,于<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 是口授及门以各种病变之符号,曰营曰卫,曰气曰血,列举症<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 状,朗若列眉,此虽有先见之明,难免失真之咎,此其师心自<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 用,尤须更正者二也。&nbsp; &nbsp; <BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 夫伤寒有五,温病乃伤寒之一种,柯韵伯曰,阳明为成温<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 之薮,陆九芝曰,伤寒传入阳明,遂成温病,其言是也,金元<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 以前,并无温病专书,叶氏温热篇,叙述详明,轻浅入时,宜<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 其为时师所喜也。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 叶氏之后,吴鞠通王孟英辈推波助澜,以为叶氏之温热,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 廷以颜颃仲景之伤寒,疵谬矛盾,不胜枚举,戴北山详评之<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 矣。此篇风行一时,深入人心,以盲引盲,贻误滋多,异日当<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 按条纠正之。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 总之,当叶氏生存时代,甚多可凉之体,可寒之证,然其<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 所述病变,强半为叶氏本人所造成,是以遵其法,则见其证,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 必有其前后缓急之法,乃有其营卫气血之传,其先见之明,正<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 其谬误之处,吾人不当以予测为能,应以救逆为工,顺逆者,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 胜败之机枢也,医之为工,工于救逆也。吾人观察证候之衷<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 现,洞悉疾病之趋势,而晓之于病家曰,明日当见何证,当见<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 何舌,见何证当危,见何舌当死,知机识变,患者至死而不<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 悔,巧言令色,病家心折而无辞,然司命者,心知其变,目送<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 其危,既不能扶顺,又不能挽逆,将何以为工乎。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 吾闻之,天土一代名医也,勤敏好学,淹有众家之长,其<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 著作是否出于本人之手,是乃考据之事。天士亦人也,人尽有<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 智也,焉知今人之不昔若也,吾人就该篇而论,允宜明辨其瑕<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 瑜而不可盲从者也,须知一应著述,半是适应环境之作,后之<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 览者,不思揣摩,而惟师古自荣,不亦愍乎。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 苏生曰:甚矣,读书之下可胶柱鼓瑟也,孟子云,尽信书<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 不如无书,良有以也,昔贤著述医论,或为发扬心得,或为叙<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 述经验,或为启迪后学,或为矫正时弊,其立说也,必有真义<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 在焉,其真义之精神,未可言宣词达者,则有术语为之逻辑,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 逻辑者,罗织也,学说上之组织法也,读古书而不知揣摩其精<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 神,而徒拘执其术语,是乃食古不化也。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 人类生活于环境之中,其所得之知识,因人因时因地而不<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 同,著者之主观不同,则其学说之见解亦各异,吾人读书而不<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 知揣摩其精神,一味盲从,如戴有色之镜,以为物尽有色也。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 彼深于门户之见者,攻讦异己,曰,我时方派也,叶王之<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 嫡传也,彼持经方疗病者,成功不足,肇祸有余,体质不同,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 今人岂古人之比哉;经方派曰,时方者,时俗之方也,学之不<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 遵规矩绳墨者,江湖之医也,岂足以疗大病哉。一方之言,不<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 能使彼方折服,则日道不同,不相为谋,各有所宗,各行其道<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 可耳,是不欲求其真也,是不去其镜,而各是其色也。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 叶氏之温热篇,适应环境之作也,北山之非难叶氏,亦适<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 应环境之作也,叶氏所说之营卫气血,病理上之逻辑法也,鞠<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 通三焦之辨,又可九传之论,陈无择之三因鼎立,张仲景之六经<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 分治,亦皆病理上之逻辑法也,古人以逻辑目光,解释病理,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 纯为私人之主观,故不可盲从,其著述,乃临床之记录,纯为<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 客观之描写,足资借镜。<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 是故,叶氏前后缓急之法,未必可循,营卫气血之称,不<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 可拘执,此即吾师明辨瑕瑜之义也。”,伤寒合度之抵抗为太阳,<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 外视表机之开合,内察正气之盛衰,开表以辛,和表以甘,制<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 亢以凉,扶怯以温,小子亦已默喻之矣,今当进聆少阳之论。<BR><BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;(《伤寒质难》) </P><P>&nbsp;</P>
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