伪造的屠呦呦“致辞”何以盛行

三七生

2015-12-15 11:21:00

来源：中国青年报

　　登上诺贝尔奖领奖台后，屠呦呦再次刷屏社交网络，但这次被转发的是她在瑞典卡罗林斯卡医学院的“诺奖致辞”。譬如，一篇流传甚广的“致辞”题为“感谢青蒿，感谢四个人”。另一段屠呦呦领取诺贝尔奖后的发言同样也在社交网络上蔓延：“……用人情做出来的朋友只是暂时的，用人格吸引来的朋友才是长久的。所以，丰富自己比取悦他人更有力量”，满满的“心灵鸡汤”范。然而，这两个版本的所谓“致辞”，经媒体考证均为伪造。
　　事实上，仅仅凭借常识和报道来判断，就不难发现这两段所谓屠呦呦的致辞是假的。回顾这几天的新闻，屠呦呦在接受瑞典国王颁奖后，并未发表任何获奖感言或致辞；诺奖周期间，她只在公开场合有过两次讲话：一次是媒体见面会，一次是在卡罗林斯卡医学院的演讲。而在这两次相当正式与严肃的讲话场合，屠呦呦不会去做“心灵鸡汤”式的激情演讲，证伪屠呦呦的“被致辞”，其实并不困难。

　　随着屠呦呦诺奖发言落下帷幕，一些微信营销号开始推出形形色色的屠呦呦获奖感言，引来众多网友疯狂转发。细读这些被杜撰出的“屠呦呦版鸡汤文”，不难发现它们都有一些共同特征，比如富有煽动力、读来朗朗上口、辞藻华丽但思想深度欠缺。相比屠呦呦“被致辞”内容的真相如何，此种对诺奖致辞的网络消费现象，与背后的传播心理，无疑更需探究。

　　不是说我们的生活不需要励志，但当种种伪名人格言以“批量生产”的方式而制造出来，首先映射出的，是部分微博与微信公众号的无底线式经营策略。“不要去追一匹马，用追马的时间种草，待到春暖花开时，就会有一批骏马任你挑选”；“我喜欢宁静。蒿叶一样的宁静。我追求淡泊，蒿花一样的淡泊”，这些虚假的“名人语录”，最终目的不过是为了去打动用户、圈住粉丝，尤其是一些美容机构、房地产公司的微信公号，最热衷于转发此类话语。

　　传播是双向的，流行也是双向的，直面屠呦呦伪“获奖致辞”的泛滥成灾，同样不能不问的，是网络受众的心理：到底是他们失去了辨别真相的能力，还是这些伪“致辞”切中了他们隐秘的心理？后者的可能性应该更大一些。网络之上，微信之中，多数人都在浅阅读，当点赞与转发成为轻而易举的事情，就很难有人静下心来，对自己转发的内容进行考证。与此同时，有太多的人在渴望着成功，这种渴望是如此强烈，以致他们认为名人的任何一句话都有不容质疑的力量。

　　因商业的驱动和对成功的崇拜，于是一些名人语录、心灵鸡汤得以广为流传，这正是屠呦呦伪“获奖致辞”蔓延于网络的背景。年轻人热衷于追问人生，渴望从成功者那里获得成长的秘密，这固然是好事。然而，任何时候，都不应该远离常识，都需要遵从“消费”的底线，都需要首先强大自己。

三七生

伪造的屠呦呦“致辞”为何这么火？
中国日报网 2015-12-15 10:41:32
How apocryphal speech became a viral hit


A funny thing happened between China’s first female Nobel Prize winner giving her acceptance speech in Sweden and that speech reaching her home country: Two entirely different versions appeared, and the fake one became a viral hit.最近有件好笑的事：中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性，屠呦呦女士12月7日在瑞典发表诺奖感言，演讲内容却在国内流传出了两个完全不同的版本，而且假版本还受到了狂热追捧。

Considering we’re living in an age when a message from Europe need not take someone to ride on horseback for a month or a pigeon to fly eastward for God knows how long, it was simply amazing that such a thing could happen, especially because Tu Youyou has been in the spotlight and almost every word she utters publicly is being reported.想想我们目前身处的时代：要把消息从欧洲传回来，再也不需要有人骑上一个月的马，也不需要鸽子一直向东飞啊飞，飞过鬼才知道有多远的距离才能到达。所以大家都觉得挺惊奇，这样一个时代，居然还能有这种事发生。更何况，屠呦呦女士站在台上讲的每个字都即时向公众报道了。

Guess which version is genuine? The one that matter-of-factly recounts the discovery of artemisinin, or the one with extravagant literary flourishes, complete with her father explaining the origin of her given name and poetic lines such as, “I like tranquility, tranquil as the leaves of sweet wormwood; I shun the spotlight, just as the petals of sweet wormwood do; I aspire to be upright, as are the stems of sweet wormwood.”两个版本，一个质朴平淡，实事求是地叙述了青蒿素的发现，另一个则极尽华丽辞藻，不仅讲到了父亲为什么给她取这个名字，还有诗句云：“我喜欢宁静，蒿叶一样的宁静。我追求淡泊，蒿花一样的淡泊。我向往正直，蒿茎一样的正直。”猜猜哪个才是真的？

Well, sweet wormwood is the plant from which Tu and her fellow scientists successfully extracted artemisinin. Most readers were so touched by the literary version they were left in tears.的确，青蒿素正是由屠呦呦女士和她的同事们一起从青蒿中提取出来的。所以很多读者都被这篇“文艺版致辞”感动得潸然泪下。

They just forgot that Tu is not a woman of letters, but one of science. It was totally made up by someone who obviously has great literary talent, but could not fathom the inner life of a scientist. 他们忘了，屠呦呦女士不是作家，而是科学家。显然，“文艺版致辞”从头到尾都是由某位颇具文学天赋的人炮制的，只可惜他根本不了解一位科学家的内心世界。

I have not met a great many scientists, Chinese or foreign, but the ones I talked to invariably impressed me as no-nonsense and would not cloak themselves in purple prose.我接触的国内外科学家都不多，但与我交谈过的科学家都给我留下了一个深刻的印象：他们严肃认真，用词朴素。

I don’t know who fabricated the Tu speech, or for what purpose. It does not strike me as a parody. Fortunately, no mainstream media seemed to have been fooled. Yet, the fake one has probably been retweeted more than the real one because it played to the Chinese stereotype of what such a speech should be.我不知道是谁炮制了屠呦呦女士的诺奖感言，也不知道他是出于什么目的。这篇拙劣的模仿根本没有打动我。幸运的是，主流媒体都没有被骗。但由于假感言契合了大众对中国式感言的一贯印象，其在社交媒体上的转发次数可能已经超过了真感言。

Early this year, when Professor Yu Dan, a celebrity scholar specializing in Chinese culture, publicly quoted from a speech ostensibly made by the Emperor Guangxu (1871-1908), she fell right into the trap of apocryphal text. That particular speech was actually from a historical novel, written by an author who had meticulously studied the reform-minded emperor’s thoughts. However, the author employed poetic license with one detail: when the emperor was supposed to have given that speech, he was already under house arrest by the Empress Dowager.今年早些时候，专门从事中国文化研究、受人热捧的学者于丹教授发了一条微博，援引清朝光绪帝（1871-1908）在京师大学堂的“开学讲话”，结果却不幸跌进了坑里。这段话其实来自于一本历史小说，作者倒是认真研究过这位一心变法的皇帝内心的所思所想。不过，他却在一个细节上露出了马脚：京师大学堂成立的时候，光绪帝早已被慈禧太后囚禁瀛台了。

Professor Yu should have known better. She was so ashamed, said some, that she did not come out to explain or apologize.于教授本不应该上当。有人说，她为此肯定倍感羞愧，以至没有勇气出来回应或认错。

China’s cyberspace is dotted with the flotsam and jetsam of educational and uplifting quotes, most of which are attributed to luminaries of all kinds, and quite a lot of them are made up. There is a joke that says the United States’ spying network collected and sifted through all the Internet data in China and found that the Chinese are addicted to such chicken soup, including that from dubious sources.中国的网络上充斥着大批“名人名言”，看上去极具教育意义，充满励志的正能量。这其中，大部分据说都出自各类杰出人物，然而很多都是杜撰的。有个笑话，美国间谍网络收集并筛选了中国所有的网络数据，结果却发现中国人沉溺于来源可疑的心灵鸡汤，无法自拔。

作者：周黎明（Raymond Zhou）

联系作者：raymondzhou@chinadaily.com.cn

译者：顾楠+qfnu

审校：钦君

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